The global financial crisis was decisive in reanalyzing the role of corporate governance based on the accountability and ethics of governance practices and its impact on sustainable development. The study aims to analyze the relevance of and the interdependencies between financial governance assessment indicators and income efficiency with synergetic effects on sustainable development and social cohesion, offering a distinct contemplation on errors in governance and financial reporting. Deviations concerning the accuracy of financial statements, flaws in the process of budget creation and budgetary execution, poor implementation of internal control systems, non-compliance with procedures of public procurement contracts, and ineffectiveness in sound financial management represent barometers for assessing managerial accountability in the public sector. This study is based on data reported by the Romanian Court of Accounts processed with the principal component analysis and proposes a global efficiency index as a benchmark indicator barometer in order to analyze the influence of managerial accountability and sustainable reporting compliance on revenue reported by public institutions in Romania. The results of the study are of empirical importance and explore the constant need to evaluate managerial accountability and ethics, with an emphasis on error, in order to improve public governance and enhance corporate accountability.

Sanctions should improve business compliance and mitigate the risks of non-conformity. This premise motivated our research and led to very interesting results for the trinomen business performance—transport infrastructure and local development strategies—public control. We used a customized Brunswik lens model to illustrate the decision-making process based on the interactions between the analysis of sanctions in the transport sector and the projected financial judgement, as we have traditionally understood and experienced them. We clustered 186,671 cases of noncompliance sanctioned by the Romanian authorities and created a chromatic map with accents on the risks of nonconformities. We employed principal component analysis to find patterns and correlations between faulty behavior in transport activities and the evolution of financial indicators, such as exports and imports. The ROC curve was used to investigate the credibility of a possible connection between transport sanctions and the development of regional exports and imports. We found multiple challenges that interfere with the projection of a trustworthy financial judgement in transport and offer insights and recommendations for integrated local governance practices and strategies aimed at mitigating the risks of noncompliance and promoting sustainable development in transport.

The research interest in this study stems from the idea that "good business practices" in road transportation, concerned with increased care for staff safety, as well as regulatory compliance, may have profound social and economic implications. The institutional and political actors involved in transport have developed a common policy for rail, road, inland waterway, sea and air transportation, focusing in particular on: the development of common rules for transport within the European Union; the establishment and development of trans-European infrastructure networks; the provision of transport services and relations with countries outside the European Union; transport safety; relations with international bodies and organizations. This paper contributes to an empirical analysis in the field of transport, by conducting a quantitative analysis of the nonconformities found in the transport activity in the Romanian coastal area, complemented by an analysis of the interdependencies between these nonconformities and the profitability of transport companies. The analysis of nonconformities consisted in the investigation of noncompliance or deviations from the transport regulations in force in the coastal area of Romania during the years 2016-2020. The study investigated the structure and volume of the contraventions found and of the sanctions applied by the authorities to the entities operating in the field of transport in Constanta County. Our research continues to explore the social inflections of transportation nonconformities and economic incidents. The research used the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, which helped to analyze the relationships and the associations between the numerical variables introduced in the study.

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The Fiscal Anti-fraud Directorate General (DGAF) is a structure of the Romanian public authority whose primary objective is the fight against tax evasion and tax and customs fraud. The activity of investigating fraud and dismantling the transactional chains that lead to prejudicing the state budget is important both from a financial point of view and from a social point of view and it contributes to building trust in the safety and integrity of the tax system. Given the need for a sustainable legal framework for fighting against evasion and taking into account the importance of a unitary control mechanism able to eliminate parallelisms or divergences in the assessment of economic operations, the research focuses on the analysis of the dynamics of the activity of the Fiscal Anti-fraud Directorate General by means of the indicators reported by the institution. The paper allows the identification of certain correlations or interdependencies between the specific indicators of the fraud investigation activity, as well as the foreshadowing of some areas for normative improvement related to the reporting of the results of the anti-fraud activity. The reduction of tax evasion and the increase in collected budget revenues are objectives that convey a strategic importance to DGAF’s activity, so that the research of the indicators reported by this structure of public authority produces an image of the degree of economic compliance and the compliance with the premises of fiscal fairness and equity.