The combination of thalidomide with dexamethasone appears active in patients with refractory multiple myeloma. If this activity is confirmed, further studies of this combination as second-line treatment for patients resistant to conventional chemotherapy, and as primary treatment for patients with active myeloma, should be considered.

RA overall has equivalent outcomes to LA but may be associated with a shorter hospital stay.

This is the first report of APN in an MEN1 patient. Although rare, the presence of PC or APN in MEN1 is noteworthy because it affects the management if hypercalcemia recurs, possibly requiring an open approach rather than the minimally invasive techniques used in the reoperative setting for benign disease.

RA may be associated with reduced postoperative pain and length of hospital stay. It is a valuable alternative to LA in smaller tumours where it may prove to be superior.