Although considered a rare disease, endemic to low-income regions and unsanitary environments, leptospirosis is still encountered in some parts of Romania, in both rural and urban environments. Its specific pathways of transmission caused it to be a threat to people working with animals, pest control, farmers or those whose jobs place them in the presence of waters, sewers or in flooded areas. This paper investigates the occurrence and effects of leptospirosis by analyzing 17 cases of infection occurring between 2013 and 2015 in Iasi, Romania. The retrospective study revealed that 82% of leptospirosis cases were determined by serovars of Leptospira spp. known to be transmitted in a professional context or coming from household animals or rodents. These zooantroponosis lead to health risks and renal, hepatic and meningeal damage, which determined a high number of admission days as well as higher costs for care. Prevention of the disease includes non-exposure to risk factors, assuming protecting actions, immunization, chemoprophylaxis in several combinations, as well as education for proper environmental and body hygiene.
Considered to be the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, Clostridium difficile infection is a daily clinical reality, and its incidence is increasing globally. Many factors have been implicated in causing this infection, including glucose metabolism disorder. Aim: to evaluate the prevalence of diabetes among patients with C. difficile colitis and assessing the risk of disease relapse and extension of the disease, in combination with diabetes mellitus infection. Materials and methods: were included in the study 102 patients known to have diabetes type 1 or type 2 admitted to our clinic between January 2016 and June 2017, from a total of 648 patients diagnosed with C. difficile colitis. We used data from observation charts of patients. Results: 98% were suffering from type 2 diabetes, mostly female, respectively from urban areas, 29.4% being at the second hospitalization in our clinic for the same symptoms. Studying the average length of hospitalization, compared with a control group, we noticed the prolongation of hospitalization for patients with metabolic pathology associated with approximately 7 days. Conclusions: Diabetes is a risk factor for the occurrence and recurrence of C. difficile infection, an additional risk factor being the age.
Lyme disease is a zoonosis with systemic clinical manifestations, determined by species of the genus Borrelia and transmitted to humans through the sting of infected ticks. In order to assess the incidence of Lyme borreliosis among patients in the NorthEastern part of Romania, we performed a retrospective study, following the cases of patients with tick bites who presented themselves at the "Sf. Parascheva" Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital, Iasi, between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2017. We encountered 1257 cases, of which 89 suspected of borreliosis, most from rural area, the average age being 27 years. Although the number of confirmed or probable cases of Lyme disease is small compared to the total number of patients stung by ticks, we should not neglect preventive measures and antibiotic prophylaxis when appropriate. The fact that climate change in recent years and pet ownership have led to an increase in the incidence of borreliosis in the population is unquestionable.
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