Fatigue in Crohn's disease (CD) is considered as a consequence of the disease and its treatment. If research showed the impact of the activity of the disease on vitality, patients can express fatigue even if the disease is inactive. Sleep disturbances are now considered in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and they could be involved in fatigue. It is well-known that depression and anxiety occur in IBD: They involve sleep disturbances and asthenia. But neither factors have been assessed simultaneously from a longitudinal perspective. Fifty-two patients participated in this study. Fatigue (MFI), depression (HAD-D), anxiety (HAD-A), sleep disturbances (ISI, IQPS), subjective quality of life (Mos-SF36) and activity of the disease (CDAI) were assessed twice with a one-year interval. Results showed constancy in fatigue and the mental health state. Moreover, if depression, anxiety, quality of life, and fatigue followed the same course of activity of the disease only during one visit, CDAI did not correlate with these dimensions between visits. CDAI only prognosticated insomnia. These results suggest that fatigue and poor quality of life may be primarily linked to depression in a secondary context of CD.

Rationale Binge drinking (BD), characterized by recurring alternations between intense intoxication episodes and abstinence periods, is the most frequent alcohol consumption pattern in youth and is growing in prevalence among older adults. Many studies have underlined the specific harmful impact of this habit by showing impaired abilities in a wide range of cognitive functions among binge drinkers, as well as modifications of brain structure and function. Aims Several controversies and inconsistencies currently hamper the harmonious development of the field and the recognition of BD as a specific alcohol consumption pattern. The main concern is the absence of consensual BD conceptualization, leading to variability in experimental group selection and alcohol consumption evaluation. The present paper aims at overcoming this key issue through a two-step approach. Methods and conclusions First, a literature review allows proposing an integrated BD conceptualization, distinguishing it from other subclinical alcohol consumption patterns. Six specific characteristics of BD are identified, namely, (1) the presence of physiological symptoms related to BD episodes, (2) the presence of psychological symptoms related to BD episodes, (3) the ratio of BD episodes compared to all alcohol drinking occasions, (4) the frequency of BD episodes, (5) the consumption speed and (6) the alternation between BD episodes and soberness periods. Second, capitalizing on this conceptual clarification, we propose an evaluation protocol jointly measuring these six BD characteristics. Finally, several research perspectives are presented to refine the proposed conceptualization.

Validation française de l'Echelle des Processus Emotionnels (EPS-25) Résumé Objectif: l'Echelle des Processus Emotionnels (Emotional Processing Scale-EPS) est un autoquestionnaire de 25 items utilisé pour évaluer les styles de traitement émotionnels et leurs dysfonctionnements. Notre objectif était de traduire et de valider cette échelle en français auprès d'une population tout venant et clinique. Méthode: après une traduction et une rétrotraduction, l'étude de validation a été menée auprès de 1176 adultes (215 adultes de la population générale, 251 étudiants et 686 personnes présentant des troubles somatiques (VIH, Sclérose en Plaques, douleurs chroniques, leucémie) et 24 personnes bipolaires hospitalisées pour dépression. Résultats: la fiabilité interne de l'échelle totale est bonne, avec un alpha de Cronbach de .91. La structure en cinq facteurs est très proche de celle de l'échelle anglaise. Conclusion: La version française de l'EPS possède une bonne validité. Les corrélations avec d'autres outils proches sur le plan conceptuel (e.g. TAS-20, CERQ, STAXI) sont conformes aux attendus. Les scores à l'EPS permettent de distinguer les populations tout-venant et clinique.

In order to improve vitality in IBD patients in remission, identification and treatment of psychological aspects should become a dimension of disease management. Fatigue should not be considered only as a direct feature of IBD.