Pangan merupakan masalah serius yang dihadapi Indonesia setiap tahunnya. Selain kontribusinya yang besar terhadap Produk Domesti Bruto, pangan juga berkaitan dengan kesejahteraan, kemiskinan dan standar hidup bagi masyarakat Indonesia sehingga perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat dapat mengubah perekonomian Indonesia dan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi pangan di Indonesia menggunakan data pooled cross section dengan rentang waktu antara tahun 2000 hingga 2014. Metode yang digunakan adalah Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi di Indonesia masih didominasi oleh beras. Perubahan pendapatan maupun perubahan harga komoditas lebih responsif pada rumah tangga miskin dimana ketika terjadi kenaikan pendapatan persentase konsumsi mereka akan meningkat, dan ketika terjadi kenaikan harga komoditas akanmenurunkan konsumsi mereka secara besar-besaran.
The issue of poverty has been faced for a long time. In Indonesia today, East Java is the most significant contributor to the poor people. With various policies that the government has implemented, the issue of poverty remains unsolved. This study, therefore, discusses the causality relationship between education, inequality, and unemployment toward poverty in East Java. Using secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency of Indonesia (BPS), we estimated dynamic panel data of cities and regencies in East Java from 2012 to 2017. Employing the Granger causality approach, it was found that education has a one-way relationship with inequality and a two-way relationship with unemployment. In addition, poverty has a one-way relationship with all the variables used. In the long term, education has a negative correlation with poverty. According to our findings, both the government and the private sector need to expand more job opportunities and improve education for the poor as both sectors significantly reduce poverty in the long term.
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