Bone marrow MSCs transplantation either undifferentiated or differentiated can be used as a potential treatment for liver cirrhosis.

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Gentamicin (GS) is a potent antimicrobial exhibiting concentration dependent bacterial killing. A high dose ofgentamicin (10 mg kg(-1)) is required to reach sufficient concentrations in specific fluids as cerebrospinal fluid and to be effective on antibiotics resistant bacteria as well as treatment of acute and dangerous illness. Using a rat model, the renal toxicity and oxidative stress of administering gentamicin (10 mg kg(-1) daily for 7 days) either in a single dose or divided into 2 doses was investigated. The safety of dose regimens was assessed through oxidant-antioxidant parameters as well as renal function tests. Typical renal damage and high oxidative stress were evident in the control group receiving 100 mg kg(-1) gentamicin daily for 7 days. This was verified by high serum urea, uric acid, creatinine as well as increase in the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers as malondialdehyde, NO, total antioxidant capacity and decrease in reduced glutathione level. At any of the used regimen, 10 mg kg(-1) gentamicin did not provide high compromise for renal functions nor significantly increased the oxidative stress and tissue damage. Based on microscopic lesions scores and biochemical analysis, there were no significant differences between single or two divided dosages of gentamicin at dose rate of 10 mg kg(-1) day(-1). Further studies are required for applications in other animals of human subjects.

Resistin is a secretory adipocytoine, which is expressed mainly in humans by inflammatory cells especially macrophages. Resistin serum levels are elevated in end-stage renal diseases of people having an increased risk of infections as a result of impaired polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) functions. Objectives: To evaluate neutrophil functions (phagocytosis and oxidative burst) in children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis and to shed light on the contribution of resistin on neutrophil functions. Patients and Methods: The study included 40 children with ESRD on regular hemodialysis. Their ages ranged from 6 to 12 years, and they were selected from children attending the pediatric hemodialysis unit of AL-Zahraa Hospital, Al-Azher University during the period from October 2012 to December 2013. Another group of 40 apparently healthy children with matched age and sex with the patient group served as a control. Serum resistin, phagocytic index and nitro blue tetrazolium test (NBT%) were assessed in both groups. Results: There was a statistically more significant increase in resistin serum levels in cases than in controls; it was (3.25 ± 0.86 ng/ml) and (0.25 ± 0.16 ng/ml) respectively (P < 0.01). On the other hand there was a statistically more significant decrease in neutrophil phagocytic index in cases than in controls; it was (2.57 ± 1.34) and (3.55 ± 0.74) respectively (P < 0.01). Also it showed a statistically more significant decrease in NBT% in cases than in controls; it was (47.98 ± 16.38%) and (61.45 ± 13.17%) respectively (P < 0.01). We found negative correlation between resistin serum level with phagocytic index and NBT%, while we found positive correlation between resistin serum level and hemodialysis duration. Conclusion: High resistin serum level in children with ESRD decreases phagocyte function and oxidative burst of PMNLs, and this is enhanced by the longer duration of hemodialysis.