Збірник наукових праць Українського державного університету залізничного транспорту Збірник наукових праць УкрДУЗТ, 2019, вип. 185 23 ЗАЛІЗНИЧНИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ (273) УДК 629.4.077-592 УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ КОНСТРУКЦІЇ ЕЛЕМЕНТІВ ВАЖІЛЬНОЇ ПЕРЕДАЧІ РЕФРИЖЕРАТОРНОГО ВАГОНА Канд. техн. наук Д. І. Волошин, старші викладачі І. М Афанасенко, Я. В. Дерев'янчук IMPROVEMENT MECHANICAL BRAKE ELEMENTS OF REFRIGERATOR СAR PhD (Tech.) D. Voloshin, Senior lecturer I. Afanasenko, Senior lecturer Y. Derevianchuk У статті розглянуто технічні і конструкційні недоліки гальмової важільної передачі рефрижераторного рухомого складу. Проведена оцінка зусиль та напружень, що діють у типовій конструкції передачі цих вагонів при різних режимах. Розраховані на міцність окремі елементи гальмової передачі. Виконана перевірка на міцність спеціалізованих під композиційні колодки важелів за допомогою програмного комплексу Autodesk Inventor. Використовуючи програмний комплекс Siemens Solid Edge, запропоновано їх удосконалення. Ключові слова: гальмова важільна передача, вантажний вагон, рефрижераторний вагон, гальмові колодки, міцність.Тhе brake systems perform an important function in ensuring the safety of railway rolling stock. Improving the brake systems of rolling stock increases their efficiency and reliability, simplifies repair and maintenance. Different types of brake systems of refrigeration rolling stock are compared. The advantages and disadvantages of various lever gears are considered depending on the type of brake pads used in the refrigeration rolling stock.The erroneous installation of composite pads on wagons, the lever gear of which is set for cast iron pads, can damage wheel sets. Damage to wheel pains, such as pebbles, cracks, and other defects due to incorrect operation, threaten the safety of the movement.The well-known structures of the levers used in foreign railways are analyzed. Using the stamped levers, the American firm Wabtec reduces the mass due to the changed shape of the lever.The efforts made in the transmission of the refrigerated wagon for different types of brake pads have been evaluated. It is established that when using composite pads in the brake lever transmission, the forces acting in its components are smaller than those of cast iron pads. This leads to the conclusion about the possibility of improving the geometric shape of the elements in their specialization in composite pads. Autodesk Inventor software package was used to test the strength of specialized components for composite brake pads.It is proposed, using the software package Siemens Solid Edge, and new functional as generative design, to improvement the elements of the brake linkage. An example of improvement of brake linkage elements of a refrigerator car is implemented.Thus, the specialization of the levers of a refrigerator car under the composite pads will reduce the levers weight by 19,8%, and with the possible improving -43,8% per car, which will reduce the mass and the coefficients of the tare of the car.
The complex of operational studies and theoretical research was performed on the occurrence of harmful wear that changes geometrical parameters of the useful contact area of the brake pads of freight cars at various established standard clearance between the pad and the wheel, which significantly impairs the braking efficiency of trains. The inspections of the mechanical part of the brakes attracted attention to the abnormal wear of the brake pads of the freight cars, which occurs because the common centre of gravity of the pad and the brake shoe, which are on the pendular suspension, do not coincide with the centre of the hole in the brake strut for any pad. The results of calculations using the coordinate method performed in the Mathcad software environment and the graphical one performed in AutoCAD to determine the geometrical parameters of the formation of the upper harmful wear of the pad depending on the standard clearance between the wheel and the brake pad were compared to proved theoretically that the error between them does not exceed 5-7%.
The article deals with issues of improved structures of brakelever transmission forindustrial rail cars.The improved dump car structure is an important engineering problem aimed at higher reliability and better technical and economic characteristics of vehicles.The authors evaluatedthe forces acting in the lever transmission of a dump car at various types of brake shoes.The research is concerned with the capacity calculation of the most important transmission elements with the finite element method.By applying the software suite Solid Edge, an example of the improved structure of a lever transmissionwas implemented.The authors evaluated the forces and stresses in a standard transmission structure of these cars at different modes.With the software suite Autodesk Inventor the authors made a capacity test for specialized levers for composite shoes.The results of capacity calculations for the elements of levertransmissionfor dumpcars made it possible to recommend an application of composite materials in place of iron ones.It will considerably decrease carweight and material intensityintechnical service and increase the total reliability of the car.
Purpose. This study aims to determine the geometric parameters of the brake pads of freight cars under hazardous wear. Methodology. A set of operational and theoretical studies concerning the occurrence of hazardous wear, which changes the geometric parameters of the useful contact area of the brake pads of freight cars at different established gaps between the pad and the wheel, which significantly impairs the effectiveness of train braking. Using the collected statistical material, computer mathematical modeling of the upper hazardous wear at different gaps was performed and the negative factors affecting the brake system were identified. MathCAD and AutoCAD software was used. Findings. As a result of inspections of the mechanical part of the brakes, attention was paid to the abnormal wear of the brake pads of the freight cars, which is formed by the fact that the common gravity center of the pad and the shoe, placed on the pendular suspension, do not coincide with the center of the hole in brake beam king post with any pads. In order to investigate possible causes of abnormal wear of the brake pads, their real images and theoretical schemes are given, which allow to establish the causes of the formation of abnormal wear of the pads at different gaps between the pad and the wheel and to determine their change of geometrical parameters that affect the useful contact area. When comparing the results of calculations according to the coordinate method performed in the MathCAD software environment and the graphic method (in AutoCAD), for determining the geometric parameters of the formation of the upper hazardous pad wear, depending on the regulatory pad wear between the wheel and the brake pad, it is theoretically proved that the error between them does not exceed 5–7%. Originality. For the first time, the principles of the methodology for determining the geometric parameters of the useful contact area of the pads with the formation of upper hazardous wear, depending on the gap between the wheel and the brake shoe, were formulated using coordinate and graphical methods. Practical value. It is advisable to apply the results of the research obtained in the work in the design and technological departments and bureaus when designing both mechanical brake systems for the undercarriage of innovative cars and for improvement of the cars currently operated at the railways.
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