Here, we present an indoor positioning system (IPS) for detecting mobile agents based on a single Position Sensitive Device sensor (PSD) sited in the environment and InfraRed Emitter Diode (IRED) located on mobile agents. The main goal of the work is to develop an alternative IPS to other sensing technologies, cheaper, easier to install and with a low computational load to obtain a high rate of measurements per second. The proposed IPS has the capacity to accurately determine 3D position from the angle of arrival (AoA) of the signal received at the PSD sensor. In this first approach to the method, the agents are considered to move along a plane. We propose two alternatives for determining position: in one, tones are emitted on a frequency unique to each transmitter, while in the other, sequences are emitted.The paper proposes and set up a very simple and easy to deploy system capable of performing 3D positioning with a single analog sensor, obtaining a high accurate positioning and a reduced execution time for the signal processing. The low computational load of the IPS makes it possible to obtain a very high position update rate (more than 100 times per second), yielding millimetric accuracies.
Here, we propose a model to determine the effect of multipath in indoor environments when the shape and characteristics of the environment are known. The main paper goal is to model the multipath signal formation to solve, as much as possible, the negative effects in light communications, as well as the indoor positioning errors due to this phenomenon when using optical signals. The methodology followed was: analyze the multipath phenomenon, establish a theoretical approach and propose different models to characterize the behavior of the channel, emitter and receiver. The channel impulse response and received signal strength are obtained from different proposed algorithms. We also propose steps for implementing a numerical procedure to calculate the effects of these multipaths using information that characterizes the environment, transmitter and receiver and their corresponding positions. In addition, the results of an empirical test in a controlled environment are compared with those obtained using the model, in order to validate the latter. The results may largely vary with respect to the cell size used to discretize the environment. We have concluded that a cell size whose side is 20-times smaller than the minimum distance between emitter and receiver (i.e., 10 cm × 10 cm for a 2-m distance) provides almost identical results between the empirical tests and the proposed model, with an affordable computational load.
Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and, recently, System on Chip (SoC) devices have been applied in different areas and fields for the past 20 years. [...]
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