The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of bacterial content (CFU) and somatic cell count (SCC) in milk quality in sheep (Ovis aries) farms according to the existing standards for fresh milk quality in Kosovo. A total of 2256 milk test day records from 379 Bardhoka (BAR), Sharri sheep (SHA), Kosovo sheep (KOS) and Balusha (BAL) ewes in eight herds across the country were collected and analyzed through a period April-October 2010. The general linear model and Duncan’s test were used to analyze the effect of different variables on presence of CFU and SCC in fresh milk. The effect of all variables was considered as a fixed. The overall results show that farm (P < 0.0410), breed (P < 0.0076), month of the year (P < 0.0041) and the lactation number (P < 0.0422), respectively, had a significant effect on presence of SCC. For CFU farm (P < 0.0001), and month of the year (P < 0.0064) had shown the significant effects, while the lactation number (P < 0.0422) and breed (P < 0.0076), represented no effect. According to the existing legislation in regard to the quality of fresh milk, there was substantial variation between farms ranging from 1211.17 to 6425.76 CFU/mL and 846.07 to 2043.15 SCC/mL milk, respectively. Although the rate of fresh milk contamination with SCC tends to be relatively low compare with CFU, by all means both variables should not be underestimated bearing in mind that a high rate of them on fresh milk are negatively correlated with farmer’s profit, consumer food safety and overall animal health.
The basic goal of this research was to determine the impact of the presence of bacterial (CFU) and somatic cells count content (SCC) in quality of fresh milk in some small cattle farms in Kosovo. The survey was based on existing standards for milk quality in Kosovo placed under administrative guidance MA-no. 20/2006. The study was based on fresh milk analysis of 150 farms performed during the period September-December 2012, which was obtained in 9 different localities (collection points) of the Kosovo. Our study reveals that CFU and SCC in fresh milk were significantly affected by a number of factors, as: sampling period (repetition), locality, breed, and time of sampling (evening or/and morning). According to the results for CFU and SCC, there were big differences between the farms (milk collection points) included in the study (P < 0.0403) and (P < 0.0293). The results show that small size breed like Busha and its crosses tend to be less exposed to SCC/mL in milk (72.840) and (293.592), compared to Black Holstein (613.462), Simmental (521.519) and Brown Swiss (418.44). Milk produced in evening tended to be of better quality (259.854 CFU/mL) compared to the one from morning milking (576.689 CFU/mL). Fresh milk quality analyzed in the third repetition was better for about 33.3% compared with the repletion first. For CFU and SCC, the analyses show that about 74.7% and 64.7% of milk produced belongs to extra quality, while lower quality of milk of category three is 12.0% and 23.3%, respectively. Considering that about 85% of milk produced in Kosovo comes from small-scale dairy farms, the current study sets out that small-scale milk production system cannot be neglected by interest parties in dairy sector and needs permanent following up and improvement.
4‐(4′‐metoxy‐2‐Benzothiazolylamino)‐3‐nitro‐2H‐[1]‐benzopyran‐2‐one 4a, 4‐(6′‐nitro‐2‐Benzothiazolylamino)‐3‐nitro‐2H‐[1]‐benzopyran‐2‐one 4b, 4‐(6′‐fluoro‐2‐Benzothiazolylamino)‐3‐nitro‐2H‐[1]‐benzopyran‐2‐one 4c and substitued 4‐(1,2,4‐triazolyl‐3‐amino)‐3‐nitro‐2H‐[1]‐benzopyran‐2‐ones 4(d‐e) are synthetized by condensation of 4‐Chlor‐3‐nitro‐2H‐[1]‐benzopyran‐2‐one 2 and corresponding heteroarylamines 3(a–e) under the reflux reaction conditions. Alkali hydrolysis of 4(a–e) afforded the 2‐hydroxy‐ù‐nitroacetophenone 5. Microbiological activity of products 4(a–d) are investigated and results are submitted for their activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Clebsiella.
The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of water in lake Batllava, through which, a part of the population of the Pristina region is supplied with drinkable water. Lake Batlava is a lake built in the 1970s. This lake is located in the village of Batlava in the municipality of Podujeva. The supply of this lake with water is made from the Brvenica river. Monitoring was finished during the period from December 2020 to May 2021. The sample were taken in three championic places: at the entrance of the lake, in the middle and in the spill, on two levels, in the surface and at depth of 30 cm. The analyzed microbiological parameters are: total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci and aerobic mesophilic bacteria. The physical-chemical parameters are: dissolved oxygen, saturation with O 2 , water temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, total soluble matter, total suspended matter, turbidity, chemical demand for oxygen, biochemical demand for oxygen, total organic carbon, nitrate, total solidity of calcium, magnesium, ammonia ion, chloride, sulphates, fluurite, M-alkalines, bicarbonates and heavy metals, such as: Fe, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cd. The results showed that most physical-chemical and microbiological parameters are within the limit allowed by the WHO and EPA, except in some cases where during the precipitation season there have been several overruns and for this reason, it is recommended to take monthly monitoring of the water of Lake Batllava to achieve a real assessment.
4‐Benzothiazolylamino‐6‐methyl‐2H[1]‐pyran‐2‐one 6a , 4‐(4‐Methylbenzothiazolylamino)‐6‐methyl‐2H[1]‐pyran‐2‐one 6b , 4‐(5,6‐dimethylbenzothiazolylamino)‐6‐methyl‐2H[1]‐pyran‐2‐one 6c and substituted 4‐(Benzothiazolylamino)‐6‐methyl‐3‐nitro‐2H[1]‐pyran‐2‐ones 6(d, e) are synthesized by condensation of 4‐Chlor‐6 methylpyran‐2‐ones (2, 4) and corresponding benzithiazolylamines 5(a‐e) under reflux reaction conditions. The antibacterial activity of products 4(a‐d) against Staphylococcus aureus, Clebsiella and Escherichia coli were investigated. Compounds 6(a‐e) showed light bactericide activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Clebsiella. Compounds 6e and 6c were more active against Staphylococcus aureus. Compounds 6d and 6b exhibited the strongest activity against Clebsiella, whereas 6e was more active against Escherichia coli. In general there was a driect positive correlation between increasing concentration of the compound and anitbacterial activity.
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