Families that are at psychosocial risk live under personal and contextual circumstances that hinder their parenting skills. They frequently lack the resources necessary for addressing the challenges of parenting and encounter multiple stressful life events. Social support may help diminish the parenting stress that is experienced from living in a disadvantaged environment by enhancing coping strategies. However, previous research examining the associations between parenting stress and social support among at-risk families has been inconclusive. This study analyzed the psychosocial profile of at-risk Portuguese families, the size and composition of their social support networks and the associations between social support and parenting stress. Participants consisted of 167 parents (80% mothers) who received assistance from Child Protection Services. Measures included the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, the Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule and a socio-demographic questionnaire. Findings: Parenting stress levels were extremely high, with 44.51% of parents showing clinically significant levels. Emotional support was the type of support that was most closely related to parental distress, namely the network size available for providing emotional support (r ¼ À.27, p ¼ .000) and satisfaction with the emotional support received (r ¼ À.24, p ¼ .006). Applications: The size of the emotional support network was significantly smaller among parents who reported clinically significant levels of parenting stress. Hence, having the opportunity to express feelings and concerns as well as engaging in social
Muitos dos estudos realizados no âmbito da delinquência juvenil tendem a dar suporte a uma conceptualização socio-ecológica da delinquência juvenil, a qual sugere que esta é multideterminada pela inter-relação recíproca e dinâmica das características do indivíduo e dos sistemas sociais chave (Agnew, 2003). Neste artigo, apresentamos os resultados de um estudo conduzido com o objectivo de identificar retrospectivamente, num grupo de adolescentes delinquentes, um conjunto de factores de risco psicossocial, tipologia do comportamento delinquente e história de risco ou adversidade psicossocial na infância. A investigação centrou-se ainda na compreensão da relação entre estes factores e indicadores de sintomatologia psicopatológica. O estudo integrou um total de 63 adolescentes abrangidos pela Lei Tutelar Educativa e os dados foram recolhidos na região sul do país. Como instrumentos de recolha de dados, foram utilizados o Índice Geral de Sintomas (IGS) do Brief Symptom Inventory e um questionário de caracterização construído com base na revisão da literatura sobre os indicadores de risco psicossocial para comportamento anti-social na adolescência, destacando-se a tipologia de risco psicossocial estabelecida por Born, Chevalier e Humblet (1997) e a taxonomia desenvolvimental do comportamento anti-social de Moffit (1993). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os adolescentes cujos pais apresentam uma relação conflituosa tendem a apresentar um índice de sintomas psicopatológicos significativamente superior ao dos adolescentes cujos pais não revelam conflitos aparentes. No entanto, o relato de psicopatologia não parece ser significativamente superior nos jovens com indicadores de acontecimentos negativos na infância (separações de pais, ausência de figura paterna, institucionalizações, maus-tratos na infância, conflitos entre os pais). No presente artigo são discutidos os resultados obtidos, consideradas algumas limitações do estudo e efectuadas propostas de investigações futuras.
This study analyzed parenting stress, parental sense of competence, and stressful life events in families at psychosocial risk in Western Andalusia (Spain) and the Algarve (Portugal). Differences and similarities between families from both countries on these dimensions were explored, as well as the influence of country of origin in determining risk profiles for this population. Although both groups shared some sociodemographic characteristics, differences were found on all studied dimensions, with Portuguese mothers showing higher levels of parenting stress, sense of competence, and accumulation of stressful life events. Results suggest that higher risk families tend to share psychosocial characteristics, regardless of their country of origin.
The aim of this study was to analyse differences in quality of life (QOL) between Spanish and Portuguese immigrant and native adolescents. In total, 475 native and immigrant adolescents (52% boys) from Algarve (Portugal) and Huelva (Spain), aged between 12 and 17 years old, were assessed with the KIDSCREEN-52. QOL dimensions were not related to most academic variables, with the exception of number of school failures, Financial Resources and Social Support from Peers. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to examine statistical differences in adolescents QOL. Age differences in QOL levels were not found. Girls reported worse QOL levels on Physical Wellbeing than boys (F = 10.32, p = .001, η2 =.02). Immigrant Portuguese adolescents scored higher on Mood (F = 17.57, p = .000, η2 =.11), and native Portuguese adolescents scored higher on Social Acceptance (F = 4.87, p = .002, η2=.033). Immigrant and native adolescents had similar levels of perceived QOL. Overall, it seems that in both countries, the living contexts for immigrant and native adolescents are fairly homogeneous.
r e s u m e N En este estudio se han analizado las relaciones entre el estrés parental, las competencias parentales percibidas y la contribución de factores sociodemográficos y psicológicos para la explicación del estrés parental. Participaron 80 madres portuguesas usuarias de servicios de protección a menores en riesgo. Los resultados mostraron niveles muy elevados de estrés parental -especialmente en madres con hijos adolescentes y desempleadas-y relaciones significativas entre el estrés y las competencias percibidas como madre. La satisfacción con el rol maternal y el empleo fueron los factores más robustos a la hora de explicar el estrés parental, prediciendo un 37% de la varianza. Palabras claveEstrés parental, competencia parental percibida, familias en riesgo psicosocial, parentalidad. a b s t r a C tIn this study we analyzed the associations between parenting stress, parental sense of competence and the contribution of socio-demographical and psychological factors to the explanation of parenting stress. Participants were 80 Portuguese mothers, recipients of the child protection services. Results showed high levels of parenting stress, especially in unemployed mothers with adolescent children, and significant associations between parenting stress and perceived parental competences. Maternal role satisfaction and employment were the most robust factors on the explanation of parenting stress, predicting 37% of the variance.
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