Simple SummaryThat rabies can be managed humanely using vaccination is well accepted. However, making sure enough dogs in the population are vaccinated and therefore able to fight off the virus can be challenging. Getting owners to be more responsible for their dogs should help keep the proportion of vaccinated dogs high. This study looked at dogs and people living in three villages in Sanur, Bali; the total population of dogs was 6009, of which only 200 dogs appeared to have no owner. There were some differences between these 6009 dogs in terms of their welfare, the likelihood of them being unvaccinated, the method owners used to confine them, whether they were sterilised, and where owners got them from. Most people were well informed about rabies and had positive attitudes towards dogs and vaccination. This information could then be used to plan a project to improve responsible dog ownership.AbstractThis study gained an understanding of dog demographics, owner behaviour, and knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to rabies in three villages in Sanur, Bali, providing insights for an intervention to improve responsible dog ownership. A combination of a census of all dogs, street surveys of roaming dogs, and a Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) survey was used to study both dogs and people. A total of 6009 dogs were recorded, of which only 3.3% appeared to be unowned; unowned dogs had poorer welfare and were more likely to be wary of attempted approaches by people. The source of dogs, method of confinement used by owners, and whether dogs were sterilised differed between three breed types; purebred dogs, mixed breed, and Bali dogs (native breed). Three variables were found to have significant effects on the chances of not being vaccinated: age, dog type, and confinement. A mean of 3.81 roaming dogs per km of street surveyed was recorded along 28 sub-village routes. Responses to attitude statements showed that most people had a positive attitude towards dogs and vaccination and did not agree with culling. Knowledge of appropriate bite treatment and symptoms of rabies in dogs was good.

The Indonesian island province of Bali experienced its first rabies incursion in 2008. Mass vaccination of the dog population has proven effective and rabies cases in dogs and people have decreased, however the virus is still circulating among the dog population. Vaccination coverage must be maintained until rabies elimination. Increasing efficiency and effectiveness of vaccination campaigns is therefore desired. Community engagement leading to preventative health actions by community members can reduce disease incidence and costs of control. Here we evaluate 2 years of a novel community-based dog welfare and rabies control project (Program Dharma) in the Sanur sub-district. The project engaged the services of people living in the project area with an interest or experience in dogs or community health services. These people spoke with owners within their own community about dog welfare and health, monitored owned and unowned dogs and increased owner and carer efforts to access vaccination and further veterinary services. The evaluation focused on a sample of dogs whose owners had been regularly engaged with project. Vaccination coverage was increased and there were no dog or human rabies cases reported in the project area; the percentage of the dogs that had never been vaccinated was reduced by an average 28.3% (baseline unvaccinated 41–49%, post-project unvaccinated 11–19%). The welfare of dogs improved from an average of 20.7% of dogs with visible welfare problems at baseline to 2.7% after project implementation. Roaming dog density observed on street surveys also decreased in all project areas (24–47% reduction dependent on desa ). A participatory evaluation event with a sample of Program Dharma community-based agents highlighted several additional successes, including that the community appeared to welcome and value their services and were beginning to support the cost of project activities. Conversely, challenges included identifying dogs in the database during revisits, sustaining the costs of community member time spent working on Program Dharma activities and the costs of veterinary care, whilst avoiding dependency of owners on free veterinary services. The benefits revealed by the evaluation were judged to be sufficient to extend Program Dharma to new areas, whilst evolving activities to resolve challenges.

Aim:This study was designed to validate the effectiveness of the pig confinement system (PCS) in reducing the prevalence of zoonotic and internal parasite burdens in pigs.Materials and Methods:Ten PCS households were selected together with 10 households practising traditional scavenging systems. Five pigs were monitored per household every 3 months for 15 months and blood and feces collected. Pigs received a single dose of oxfendazole at 30 mg/kg at baseline. Qualitative fecal examinations for intestinal parasite stages were performed, and serum was tested for antibodies to cysticercus of Taenia solium, Trichinella spp., and Toxoplasma gondii.Results:Based on fecal examination, the prevalence of pigs positive for parasite eggs was reduced in PCS pigs over consecutive samplings (Ascaris suum [14.3% to 0%], Trichuris suis [46.9% to 8.3%], Strongyle-type eggs [81.6% to 8.3%], Physocephalus spp. [6.1% to 0%], and Metastrongylus apri [20.8% to 0%]) compared with increases in the number of pigs positive for parasite eggs in non-PCS pigs (T. suis [20-61.5%], Strongyle-type [60.4-80.8%], Physocephalus spp. [8.3-15.4%], and M. apri [20.8-34.6%]) and little change in pigs positive for A. suum (18.8-19.2%). While the prevalence of pigs with antibodies against to cysticerci of T. solium reduced in PCS pigs from 18% to 14%, the prevalence in non-PCS pigs increased from 42% to 52%. Antibodies to Trichinella were not detected, but the prevalence of T. gondii antibodies increased from 6% to 10% in PCS pigs and from 7% to 24% in non-PCS pigs.Conclusion:These data demonstrate the potential of a PCS to reduce the prevalence of pigs infected with zoonotic and internal parasites and thus the risk to human and pig health.

Pengamanan pangan daging sapi mutlak perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin masyarakat sebagai konsumen mendapatkan daging yang aman, sehat, utuh, dan halal (ASUH) untuk dikonsumsi. Sebagai bahan pangan, daging memiliki potensi bahaya yaitu biologi, kimia, dan fisik. Bahaya-bahaya tersebut dapat terjadi pada daging sapi selama proses penyediaannya. Sumber bahaya tersebut salah satunya dapat berasal dari fasilitas Rumah Pemotongan Hewan (RPH) yang kurang memenuhi persyaratan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas daging sapi bali yang ditinjau dari uji objektif dan mengetahui perbedaan kualitas daging sapi bali produksi RPH Karangasem, Klungkung, dan Gianyar. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah daging sapi bali yang disembelih di RPH Karangasem, Klungkung, dan Gianyar. Daging sapi yang digunakan pada bagian lulur (regio longissimus) sebanyak masing-masing 100 gram/ekor dari 17 sampel daging yang berasal dari RPH Karangasem, RPH Klungkung, dan RPH Gianyar, masing-masing sampel diuji kualitas fisiknya secara objektif meliputi uji pH daging, daya ikat air, kadar air, dan perkiraan jumlah bakteri. Data yang diperoleh, dihitung nilai rataan dan standar deviasinya, dianalisis perbandingan kualitasnya dengan uji sidik ragam. Hasil tersebut dibandingkan kualitasnya dengan standar mutu daging sapi Standar Nasional Indonesia 3932; 2008 dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil uji sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan kualitas daging sapi yang nyata dengan perlakuan asal RPH yang berbeda. Rataan nilai pH 5,79 ± 0,253, daya ikat air 83,31 ± 6,691, kadar air 76,91 ± 1,230, dan perkiraan jumlah bakteri <0,5juta/gram. Kualitas daging sapi asal ketiga RPH dalam kondisi baik dan layak dikonsumsi.

Aspek keamanan pangan asal hewan perlu mendapat perhatian khusus karena penyakit yang menyerang manusia hampir 75% disebabkan oleh agen infeksi yang berasal dari hewan atau produk hewan.  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kesehatan daging dan jeroan babi produksi RPH yang berpotensi menularkan penyakit zoonosis pada manusia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei eksploratif kualitatif yaitu menganalisis kesehatan daging dan jeroan babi yang diperiksa secara inspeksi, palpasi, dan incici berdasarkan perbedaan jenis kelamin (jantan dan betina) dan umur hewan (muda dan dewasa) dengan total sampel yang diperiksa masing-masing sebanyak 100 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, seluruh daging babi tidak ditemukan kelainan atau sehat. Paru babi ditemukan nekrosis 15%, pneumoni 30%, kombinasi hemoragi dan pneumoni 5%. Jantung babi ditemukan 13% hipertrofi/hiperplasi, dan pada hati babi ditemukan 1% mengandung larva sistiserkosis.Persentase kerusakan pada betina dewasa lebih tinggidibandingkan jantan dewasa. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa daging babi produksi RPH Pesanggaran masih layak dikonsumsi, namun sebagian kecil (5-30%) jeroannya menunjukkan perubahan/kelainan yang berpotensi menularkan penyakit zoonosis pada manusia.