Background:Artemisia monosperma (Delile) is a green aromatic shrub that grows widely in the deserts of Middle East, Africa and China. This plant is commonly used in folk medicine as a remedy of a wide range of illness including gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, diabetes and microbial infection. The different categories of the secondary metabolites identified from Artemisia species are recognized for their biological activities as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial compounds. Objective: This study aims to isolate new flavonoids from A. monosperma that might have potential biological activities thus be translated into pharmaceutical uses. Materials and Methods: Air-dried A. monosperma extraction was done using different organic solvents. The methanolic extract was selected for isolation of flavonoids using column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. The chemical structures of the isolated flavones determined based on spectroscopic analysis of ultraviolet, mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Results: Nine flavone aglycones were isolated and identified from the methanolic extract; four of which are reported for the first time from A. monosperma. These include: 5-Hydroxy-3',4', 6,7-tetramethoxyflavone; 3',5-dihydroxy-4',6,7-trimethoxyflavone (eupatorin); 5,6-dihydroxy-4',7-dimethoxyflavone(ladanein); and 2',4',5-trihydroxy-5',6,7-trimethoxyflavone (arcapillin). The remaining five flavones were previously identified from this plant as : 4',5-Dihydroxy-3',6,7-tri-methoxyflavone(cirsilineol);5,7-dihydroxy-3',4',6-trimethoxyflavone (eupatilin);4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',6-dimethoxyflavone(jaceosidin);4',5-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-flavone (circimaritin) and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone (hispidulin). In addition, two acetophenone derivatives were isolated from fractions yielded selected flavones and these were identified as 4-hydroxyacetophenone and 3-(2-hydroxymethyl-2-buten-4-yl)-4-hydroxyaceto-phenone. Conclusion: This successful isolation of these natural flavonoids from A. monosperma can contribute further to the evaluation of bioactive compounds against disorders including but not limited to inflammatory associated disorders and microbial infections. Lubna
Several indigenous and forgotten plants in the southern parts of Nigeria according to folklore possess many medicinal properties. Ethanol and aqueous extracts from six (6) of such plants namely Boerhavia diffusa; Datura stramonium; Cassia occidentalis; Scoparia dulcis; Euphorbia hirta and Baphia nitida from the southern Nigeria State of Akwa-Ibom were evaluated for both phytochemical composition and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by the DPPH inhibition method. Both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of all the plants indicated the presence of flavonoids while the ethanolic extracts of all the plants indicated that tannins and alkaloids were present. Cassia occidentalis and AOU, indicated relatively the highest DPPH scavenging activity at lowest concentrations (0.03125 mg/ml) with AOU indicating 71.22 mg/ml an equivalence of 87% performance with respect to ascorbic acid. Results showed that when tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Salmonella typhi bacteria, the Original Research Article
Background: Arcapillin, 2',4',5-trihydroxy-5',6,7-trimethoxyflavone, is a flavone aglycone isolated from several Artemisia species, though, it was first identified from A. capillaris. The Artemisia species are used in folk medicine as a remedy for gastrointestinal and liver illnesses, hypertension, fever and inflammation. Studies indicated a potential role of arcapillin to relieve symptoms of liver disorders; however, there is no report yet in the literature of its effect on smooth muscles. Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the effect of arcapillin, isolated from A. monosperma, on the contractile activity of rat smooth muscles. Materials and Methods: Increased concentrations of arcapillin were tested on isolated rat ileum, pulmonary artery, trachea, and urinary bladder. The muscle contraction was recorded upon addition of arcapillin in eight cumulative concentrations of half log units in the range of [10-7 M-3×10-4 M]. Depending on the organ-containing muscles, the preparations were treated with arcapillin either at basal tonus or after pre-stimulated via a contractile agent; 10-3 M O-acetylcholine on ileum and 10-5 M L-phenylephrine on pulmonary artery rings. Control tissues were treated with sodium hydroxide in an equivalent concentration to that used to dissolve the flavone. Results: Arcapillin caused a dose-dependent relaxation on ileum preparation and pulmonary artery. The inhibition of the contractile activity of ileum was reversible within 60 seconds after washing off the flavone. The urinary bladder showed a slight increase in contraction at the highest concentrations starting at [10-4 M] of arcapillin. There was no observed effect on the contraction of tracheal smooth muscles by all tested concentrations of arcapillin. Conclusion: The antispasmodic activity of arcapillin may contribute to the pharmaceutical importance of A. monosperma in particularly to treat gastrointestinal disorders.
Plants are rich in secondary metabolites reputed for their pharmacological properties. With demands for bioactive compounds of natural origin, the attention is on commercializing the use of plants for pharmaceutical benefits. Our focus in on defining the biological activities of plants reputed in folk medicine to treat illnesses. We have been focusing on studying Artemisia monosperma to evaluate its potential usage for therapeutic uses. A. monosperma is a desert plant commonly known as an antispasmodic herb. We report that the boiled aqueous extract showed a concentration‐dependent antispasmodic effect of rat smooth muscle of ileum, pulmonary artery and uterus. The effect induced on the tracheal muscle was minimal while the contractile activity of the urinary bladder muscle was not affected. The activity of the cardiac muscle was inhibited upon addition of the aqueous extract which caused a decreased the rat heart rate accompanied by an increased in the contractile activity. This effect was reversible upon removal of the extract. Among compounds identified from A. monosperma, three flavonoids (arcapillin, eupatilin,7‐O‐Methyleriodictyol) showed a concentration‐dependent (10−7M −3×10−4 M) antispasmodic effect on rat smooth muscle of ileum, uterus and pulmonary artery. Only eupatilin and 7‐O‐Methyleriodictyol inhibited the contraction of trachea and urinary bladder. Further evaluation of the physiological effect of eupatilin on cardiac muscle showed that low concentrations (10−6 M and 10−5 M) caused an increase in the magnitude of cardiac muscle contraction accompanied by a decrease in heart rate which was followed by a partial heart blockage. At a concentration of 10−4M, the heart rate was reduced significantly leading to irreversible death of the infused heart. Eupatilin toxicity was determined by the median lethal dose (LD50) over 48hours on albino mice which came up to 31.8mg/kg. These finding indicate the importance of A. monosperma as a source for bioactive compounds of therapeutic significance.Support or Funding InformationSpecial thanks to Central State University and the University of Jordan for the technical support.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
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