Building capacity of rural women and men to deal with the poverty problems has become important issue in most developing countries. This is because the issue of rural poverty is inevitable gender issue. It has been observed that most of the rural poor are women who suffer from unequal empowerment opportunity. The issue is affecting mostly women and children as growing generation. This may be due to their unsustainable source of income. The situation is what World Bank defined as "poverty the inability for women to attain a minimum standard of living". Indeed where there is poverty, there are women and children. Where women are poor, uneducated and underpowered in society, these characteristics seem to appear among the family members. This study uses descriptive and correlation research designs to compare the income level, the educational level and occupational status of both males and females among household members in the study area. The finding reveals that, there are wider gaps between males and females in all the three domains of investigation.These also indicate that, the women are lagging behind; and these issues need to be readdressed, because in the rural areas, women are the largest and the vulnerable group.Interestingly, empowerment correlation is significant (p<0.05), moderate for females and very small for males respondents.
There is perceived decrease in standard of living among some families in the rural area of Katsina State in Nigeria. This was seen to be the result of the inability of some rural families in the area to allowing their daughters to utilize the opportunities of education empowerment program for the rural girls in the State. There is historical evidence that majority of rural girls do not complete primary school talk less of secondary schools and tertiary institutions. These indicate that the rural girls are lagging behind educationally. The issue is the need to educate the girl-child and young women in the rural areas of the country because rural women are the largest and vulnerable group. There are four key elements identified for empowering rural girls and young women; cognitive, resource control, social capital, and awareness or access to information. These important elements have been examined on the wellbeing of women among the families of the empowered rural girls through quantitative study using structured questionnaire. Analysis of these questionnaires shows strong positive correlation between the education empowerment and their economic wellbeing level and significant difference (p<.005) in their lives. This study adds light to understanding impacts of educating girls and women for family and community prosperity and neglecting these can lead to the backwardness. It is also part of growing body of literature from rural sub-Sahara Africa on gender issue. It contributes to the future study on similar topics.
There is global progress toward gender equality with 68% of the countries in the World Economic Forum Gender Gap Report of 2019. Despite the progress, education and income are among areas in which gender is still not equally enabled in developing regions. As the world is progressing in reaching gender-equal access to education and income some programs appeared in gender equity to wipe out some obstacles faced by girls and women in education and income which may invariably improve the socio-economic status. The quantitative- exploratory-Correlational design was used in a gender-disaggregated form on the parents with children in the Reggio Emilia Early Childhood Development (REA-ECD) centres. The sample size of 405 with 204 females and 201 males was used through multistage-systematic random sampling. The instrument for data collection was adapted, data collection with the aids of trained enumerators and analysed in descriptive and binary logistic regression. The results show a significant improve (44.9%) with tertiary education, mean income N34,572. 840, [USD138.291]and 28.5 times (odds=29.46) more likelihood of high REA-ECD acceptance for girls and boys to attend schools. These revealed the need for more programs involving more women as well as laws and policies that enable girls and young women to attend school. More studies in future especially longitudinal to ascertain any dynamism in development over time. Hence, in developing countries, there are still barriers limiting women and girls opportunity.
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