Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is seen with increasing frequency in hospitals and is considered as a major cause of hospital-acquired infection. The objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize the airborne MRSA in different wards of a referral university hospital. Thirtyfour air samples of 100 litres volume/min were collected by a microbiological air sampler, then impacted on trypticase soy agar (TSA) and incubated at 37 C for 48 h. Recovered colonies were identified by standard methods. From all S. aureus, 9.3% was identified as MRSA which comprised 4.2%, 3.1% and 2% in the adult and nursery intensive care units, and operating theatres (ICU, NICU and OT, respectively). MRSA isolates were remarkably susceptible (87.1%) to each of amikacin, chloramphenicol, imipenem and rifampin. MRSA isolates were shown in all units with minimum inhibitory concentration value of >256, 32 and 6 mg/l in ICU, OT and NICU, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of all MRSA isolates indicated the amplification of the mec A gene. It is concluded that MRSA was isolated from all units making eradication of MRSA a target hard to achieve. However, the antibiotic resistance profile of the MRSA isolates looks promising leaving a room to combat nosocomial infections.
This study aimed to evaluate the presence of airborne Gram negative bacilli (GNB) in the operating theatres (OT), intensive care units (ICU) and nursery intensive care units (NICU) of King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH), Jordan and their susceptibility to different antibiotics. Thirty four air samples of 100 liters volume/min were collected by a microbiological air sampler from the above units during seven months. Air samples were impacted on trypticase soy agar (TSA) then incubated at 37 °C for 48 h. Each bacterial colony appeared on agar plates were sub-cultured on TSA or blood agar with incubation at 37 °C for 24-48 h, and then identified by standard methods. The average bacterial count in the OT, ICU and NICU was 88, 118 and 125 cfu/m 3 , respectively. From all GNB, Pseudomonas aeruginosa comprised 45%, 33.9% and 31% in the NICU, ICU and OT air samples, respectively. However, each of Acinetobacter spp. and Aeromonas spp. comprised 19.6% in the ICU and NICU air samples. Citrobacter freundii in the ICU comprised 28.3%. GNB bacilli showed a considerable resistance to antibiotics with the highest to nalidixic acid (38.2%) and to cloxacillin (32.4%), and the lowest to augmentin (3.6%) and to chloramphenicol (3.1%). It is concluded that designing of monitoring strategies should continue to keep monitoring of the presence and distribution of GNB in the hospitals' environment. The extensive use of some antibiotics in hospitals for longer periods may lead to higher percentage resistance of GNB.
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