Introduction: The cumulative rate of AIDS in pregnant women in the world is reported to increase dramatically, giving the consequent increase in morbidity and mortality from mothers and children. The purpose of this study is to provide a descriptive picture of pregnant women with HIV in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar during the period January 2014 to December 2017.Methods: This study used a descriptive retrospective design in the population of pregnant women with HIV in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar during the period January 2014 to December 2017.Results: During the study period a total of 218 cases of mothers with HIV were obtained in Sanglah Hospital Denpasar, with the majority characteristics being 20-29 years (56.80%), with the most dominant parity being 1 (48.16%), multipartner husband risk factors (56.43), housewife occupation (63.76%), origin of the area found in Jebmbrana Regency (20.64%), referral origin of Jembrana Regional Hospital (24.31%), age >28 weeks of pregnancy (47.70%), duration of antiretroviral therapy ≥6 months (55.51%), clinical stage I (79.35%), birth method of caesarean section (70.22%), birth weight of children >2500 grams (82.58% ), experienced mild anemia (Hb 9.5 to 10.9 g/dL) (84.12%), an undetectable viral load (66.7%), and a CD4 count of 200-500 / mm3 (49.08%) .Conclusion: HIV prevalence in pregnant women which has an increasing trend in Bali requires more attention from all lines, not only from health workers, but government involvement and public education are needed to prevent new cases of pregnant women with HIV infection.  Pendahuluan: Angka kumulatif AIDS pada wanita di dunia dilaporkan meningkat secara dramatis, memberikan konsekuensi peningkatan akan morbiditas dan mortalitas dari ibu dan anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan gambaran deskriptif pada ibu hamil dengan HIV di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar selama periode Januari 2014 hingga Desember 2017.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan retrosepktif deskriptif pada populasi ibu hamil dengan HIV di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar selama periode Januari 2014 hingga Desember 2017.Hasil: Selama periode studi didapatkan total 218 kasus ibu dengan HIV di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar, dengan karakteristik mayoritas berupa 20-29 tahun (56,80%), dengan paritas paling dominan adalah para 1 (48,16%), faktor risiko suami multipartner (56,43), pekerjaan ibu rumah tangga (63,76%), asal daerah ditemukan Kabupaten Jebmbrana (20,64%), asal rujukan RSUD Jembrana (24,31%), usia >28 minggu kehamilan (47,70%), lama terapi ARV ≥6 bulan (55,51%), stadium klinis I (79,35%), metode kelahiran seksio caesaria (SC) (70,22%), berat lahir anak >2500 gram (82,58%), mengalami anemia ringan (Hb 9,5- 10,9 g/dL) (84,12%), viral load tidak terdeteksi (66,7%), dan hitung CD4 200-500 /mm3 (49,08%).Simpulan: Prevalensi HIV pada ibu hamil yang memiliki tren semakin meningkat di Bali membutuhkan perhatian lebih dari segala lini, tidak hanya dari tenaga kesehatan, namun keterlibatan pemerintah serta edukasi masyarakat sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencegah timbulnya kasus baru ibu hamil dengan infeksi HIV.
Introduction: Preterm labor is still a global problem because it affects perinatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. An increase in hs-CRP in pregnant women is associated with the incidence of preterm labor. This study was conducted to prove that high serum hs-CRP levels are a risk factor for preterm labor. Method: The method used in this study is an observational case-control study, in which pregnant women with preterm labor are in cases group, whereas preterm pregnant women that are not in labor, included in control group. Cases and controls were not matched in the gestational age variable. In both groups blood samples were taken. Blood sampling was taken in the cubital vein to examine the serum levels of hs-CRP. From the data collected, data analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. In this study, after the data normality test was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the result p values <0.05 or abnormal distribution data, the Mann Whitney test was chosen. A Chi-square test was performed to determine the increase in serum hs-CRP levels as a risk of preterm labor. Result: hs-CRP levels as a risk of preterm labor. Calculation of the OR is 19.46 times with 95% CI: 2.25-168.27. Conclusion: it can be concluded that high levels of hs-CRP as a risk factor for preterm labor.
Preeclampsia (PE) is the leading causes of maternal death worldwide as well as a significant cause of fetal morbidity and mortality, including fetal growth restriction (FGR). The concept that PE and FGR shared a common etiology is widely accepted, i.e., the maladaptive response to the impaired placentation. Normal placentation is the result of dynamic integration of cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, in which trophoblast cells play a crucial role. Impaired trophoblast invasion into the maternal decidua leads to a decrease in uteroplacental blood flow and changes in intervillous hemodynamic. The dynamic interaction of these process with maladaptive decidual immune response, impaired cytokines and angiogenic factors regulation, and oxidative stress will lead into the clinical manifestation of PE and/or FGR.
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