The strategy of investigation combined the effects of mutation depression evident at first generation on cell and plant level and peculiarities of recurrent mutagen action. The main purposes of investigations in this area were determination genotype-mutagen interaction for modern Ukrainian winter wheat varieties, identify less sensitive for DAB (1,4-bisdiazoatsetilbutan) genotypes and evolution recurrent mutagenesis as a method in difference alteration on first step of mutation breeding program, which limited next stages by quantity of material for selection. Here we report cytogenetic, plant growth and development characteristics of mutation induction variability of the new wheat varieties and some relationships between means of plants grows and developments, morphometrical parameters, cytogenetic characteristics and different concentrations and types of mutagens at first generation after DAB treatment.
The study dealt with the patterns of adaptation of the genus Berberis L. low-abundant alien plants to the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The success of the introduction, which was conducted on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (city of Dnipro) near 60 years ago, was evaluated by a set of indicators. According to the study of phenological rhythms, introduced plants can be characterized as plants with a relatively short growing season, a relatively long shoot growth, a short flowering period and a long maturing period. This indicates the lability of the phenological rhythms of the introduced plants, which respond to changes in environmental conditions in terms of the beginning and end of the phenological phases. The aquatic regime of introduced plants reflects the level of their adaptation to the environment due to the ability of plant organism to withstand water consumption. The study of water exchange features of Berberis L. plants revealed a moderate decrease in the intensity of transpiration and a moderate water deficit in the plant leaves, which indicates the adaptation of the species to the difficult climatic conditions of the steppe zone. The response of introduced plants to the level of moisture in the steppe region confirmed the universal mechanism of plant adaptation to arid conditions. Comparative analysis of the reproductive ability of introduced plants of the genus Berberis L. in the conditions of the Botanical Garden revealed a significant variability of quantitative indicators. The weight of 100 fruits ranged from 12.5 g (B. vulgaris) to 16.3 g (B. declinata). Seed length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), seed width varied from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgaris) to 2.1 mm (B. koreana). The highest mass of 1000 seeds was observed in the species B. koreana. To compare sample averages, the criterion for the significant difference of Tukey's group averages was used. The investigated plants of the genus Berberis L. can be recommended for the introduction into large-scale and individual gardening in order to expand the range of fruit products and obtain biologically valuable raw materials for the industrial production of functional products.
SUMMARYThe strategy of investigation combined the effects of mutation depression evident at first generation on cell and plant level and peculiarities of recurrent mutagen action. The main purposes of investigations in this area were determination genotype-mutagen interaction for modern Ukrainian winter wheat varieties, identify sensitive of genotypes for DMS (dimethylsulfate) genotypes and evolution repeat action of mutagen as a method in difference alteration on firs step of mutation breeding program, which limited next stages by quantity of material for breeding. Here we report cytogenetic, plant growth and development characteristics of mutation induction variability of the new wheat varieties and some relationships between means of plants grows and developments, morphometrical parameters, cytogenetic characteristics and different concentrations and types of mutagens at first generation after DMS action.
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