This article covers partial results for research which was carried out to determine the effectiveness of municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling in Bandung metropolitan urban areas. It focuses on the results of waste fl ow analysis as basic information in developing better MSW management systems, especially in applying the reduce, reuse, recycle (3Rs) concept. The dependence upon fi nal disposal sites in MSW management and the diffi culties in fi nding disposal sites have resulted in interest in the 3Rs concept. In this research, the determination of waste compositions and the potential of recycling were evaluated based on data from interviews with householders, members of the nonhousehold sector, and recycling actors and on measurement. The informal sector activities observed were mainly from handcart crews, mobile scavengers, transfer point scavengers, fi nal disposal scavengers, waste traders, and recycling business people at several locations in Bandung and Cimahi cities. The estimated waste recycling and composting by stakeholders has not yet achieved 10% (wet weight) of the total waste generated. As in other major cities in developing countries, the informal sectors hold an important role in the recovery of usable materials from waste. However, inorganic waste recycling activities from this sector have not even reached 8% (wet weight) of the total waste generated.
A model describing the relationship between waste treatment method and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission is proposed in this study. Three constituents, i.e., composting, reuse and recycle are analysed using extreme vertices mixture design to determine the model. Mixture design enables identifying of optimum combination of each constituent producing the lowest GHGs emission. Emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs) as a regress and were analysed how they change when the amount of waste changes. The result showed that there are four possible models. One best model is chosen for its least standard deviation, lowest P-value and the highest adjusted R2 which is 5.764 × 10-3, less than 0.005, and 0.9908 respectively. The model describes that lowest GHGs emission can be achieved by maximizing plastic recycle (into flakes), limiting composting and increasing paper, glass and metal reuse. Composting, reuse and recycle is proportional to the GHGs emission individually, while combination of two constituents is inversely proportional to GHGs emission. The lowest GHGs may be emitted from the plant is 0.107 Gg CO2 equivalent/year with the composition of constituents as followed: 14 % composting, 50 % reuse, and 26 % recycle equals to 1.3 m3, 4.7 m3 and 2.1 m3 waste from each method.
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