Polymer blends based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and gum arabic (GA) were prepared by solution casting method. Glycerol was added to the polymer blend solution as a plasticizer with different ratios (2⋅5, 5, 10 and 20%). Then, the plasticized blends were exposed to gamma irradiation at different doses (5, 10 and 20 kGy). The physical properties of the plasticized polymer blends were investigated in terms of gel fraction (%) and swelling percent (%). Thermal properties were investigated by TGA. Also, the structure of the plasticized polymer blends was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope was investigated in order to examine the compatibility between two polymers in the blend and also between polymer blend and plasticizer. The prepared plasticized polymer blends were used as an adsorbent for different dyestuffs. The sorption of dyestuffs by the plasticized polymer blend was determined by a method based on spectroscopic analysis. The results showed that the plasticized polymer blend has a high affinity for basic, acid, reactive and direct dyes. The obtained results showed that using glycerol as plasticizer improved the swellability of polymer blend and also the dye uptake (%).
A natural resource-based oleic acid was epoxidised to produce epoxidised oleic acid (EOA). The epoxidation reaction was confirmed by different analyses. Then, EOA was reacted with nitrogenand sulphur-containing compounds such as glycine (GLY) and thioglycolic acid (TGA) to prepare EOA-GLY and EOA-TGA compounds, respectively. The EOA, EOA-GLY, and EOA-TGA compounds were evaluated as corrosion inhibitors (CIs) for mild steel in different coating formulations. Corrosion resistance tests and weight loss measurements of the coated steel panels were carried out, in addition to the physico-chemical and mechanical measurements. It was found that the coating formulations containing the prepared EOA-TGA inhibitor with a concentration (0.04 g/100 g coating) imparted higher protection for steel surface against corrosion and also competed efficiency known commercial CI at the same concentration. Also, the efficiency of the commercial and prepared inhibitors was increased in the following order: EOA-TGA > EOA-GLY > commercial inhibitor > EOA.
The objective of this study is to prepare a super absorbent hydrogel based on polyacrylic acid and an environmentally friendly material such as shellac to remove malachite green dye from aqueous solution using gamma radiation. The adsorption of malachite green (MG) dyes using polyacrylic acid (PAA)/shellac (SH) hydrogels was studied. These hydrogels were prepared by mixing aqueous solutions of PAA and SH at differing molecular ratios (10%, 20%, and 30% SH content in the final reaction mixture) and varying doses of gamma radiation (10–50 kGy). The water absorption by the PAA/SH hydrogels prepared at a 30-kGy radiation dose increased with an increase in the SH content. The removal of the MG dyes from an aqueous solution using PAA and PAA/SH hydrogels was investigated at different values for selected parameters, such as pH, contact time, SH concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The highest MG adsorption percentage (95.5%) was obtained for the PAA/SH hydrogel with the highest SH content (30%). As the adsorbent dosage increased, the dye adsorption capacity increased, accordingly. The combination of SH and gamma radiation caused the PAA to undergo structural changes verified by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to investigate the morphology of the PAA/SH hydrogel and revealed that the SH belonging to the PAA matrixes exhibited a homogeneous dispersion. The thermal stability of the hydrogels was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The amount of dye adsorbed by the PAA/SH hydrogel was calculated by subtraction based on the ultraviolet–visible (UV–VIS) spectroscopy determination of the concentration of leftover dye in solution using a UV–VIS spectrophotometer.
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