As principais reservas de argilas bentonitas no Brasil encontram-se nos estados de S. Paulo, Bahia, Piauí e Paraíba, sendo este ultimo como maior produtor nacional. Os grandes depósitos dessas argilas provem do município de Boa Vista, PB, que atualmente encontra-se em fase exaustão devido à exploração desordenada. Outros novos depósitos foram descobertos nos municípios de Cubati, PB e Pedra Lavrada, PB, sendo o mais recente o município de Sossego, PB, fato que pode representar uma interessante alternativa tecnológica à futura escassez das argilas bentoníticas na Paraíba, ampliação da produção mineral na região e consolidação do estado como o maior produtor do país. Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar as argilas esmectíticas do município de Sossego, PB. Inicialmente as amostras foram submetidas a uma caracterização física, química e mineralógica através das seguintes técnicas: análise granulometrica por difração a laser, composição química por fluorescência de raios X, difração de raios X, análise térmica diferencial e termogravimetrica. Após os ensaios de caracterização foram determinadas as propriedades reológicas com base na norma da Petrobrás para fluidos base água. Os resultados evidenciaram que as argilas apresentaram em sua composição mineralógica esmectita, caulinita, feldspato e quartzo. Em relação às propriedades reológicas, os resultados foram promissores para algumas amostras para uso em fluidos de perfuração.
Bentonite clay is used all around the world as an additive in drilling fluids. However, impurities present in this material can compromise the compatibility of the clay-fluid system. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of the purification of bentonite samples from new deposits in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, in order to make them usable in water-based drilling fluids. The samples were first purified by centrifugation, and their characteristics were determined using the following techniques: laser granulometry, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, cation exchange capacity, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. After these determinations, the polycationic clay samples were made sodic through the addition of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in the proportion of 125 meq/100 g of dry clay. The rheological and filtration properties (apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, and filtrate volume) were then tested. The results showed that the purification process was efficient for removing accessory minerals such as quartz, iron, and carbonates. With regard to rheological and filtration properties, the results following centrifugation showed that the material can be suitable for use in water-based drilling fluids.
Bentonite exhibt a range of industrial applications moving millions of dollars on the market per year. Among several applications if highlights it is use for petroleum drilling fluids. Thus, this work aims to characterize physical, mineralogical and technologically, the bentonitics clays of Sossego County, Paraíba, Brazil. Mineralogical characterization of clays was done through the following techniques: particle size analysis by laser diffraction, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis, chemical analysis and x-ray diffraction. The clays were turned in by treatment with sodium in Na2CO3 and then determined whether the apparent viscosity, plastic and volume of filtrate of clay-water dispersions. The results showed that the samples are of polycationic, showing levels of MgO, CaO and K2O, similar to those from Boa Vista County, Paraíba, Brazil, and consist of clay mineral kaolinite, quartz and esmec. The clays showed rheological properties that indicate potential for use in drilling fluids.
Currently, the removal of contaminants such as wastewater dye has become an essential task. In view of this, improving the performance of the adsorbents in order to improve the adsorption technique and reduce the total cost of the adsorption process is of great interest to the industrial sector. This study investigated the adsorption process of natural and purified bentonite clay adsorbents, using rhodamine B in an aqueous media. Rhodamine B is very toxic to aquatic organisms and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. These clays were used both in the natural form and after purification by centrifuge. All adsorbents were characterized. The kinetics and equilibrium isotherms were studied. In equilibrium, the Freundlich isotherm model was the best fit to the experimental data. In kinetics study, the data were best fit by the pseudo-second order model. The purified clays efficiently removed the rhodamine B.
The State of Paraíba has gained prominence in the production of raw bentonite in Brazil, where a new deposit has been found in the town of Sossego-PB, besides the deposit in the town of Boa Vista-PB. With the raise in the demand, the traditional reserves are depleting after several years of exploration, and this fact may result in a higher dependence on imported clays, thus existing a great interest in the discovery and characterization of new deposits, also guaranteeing technological improvements for the region. So, the objective of this work is to characterize the new deposits of the State of Paraíba, aiming at analyzing the characteristics the prove their classification as smectitic clays. The characterization was made through the analysis of chemical composition by X-ray fluorescence (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis and thermal differential analyses (TG and DTA), cation-exchange capacity (CEC) and specific area (SA). The results prove that the studied samples presented, in their mineralogical composition, smectite, kaolinite and quartz, besides thermal and chemical behavior typical smectitic clays.
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