The F2laser is a promising source for direct etching of microstructures and the precise shaping of optical-grade surfaces on wide bandgap materials such as fused silica. We report here on residual tensile stresses induced in fused silica (Coming 7940, UV grade) by 157-nm laser ablation. Plastic strain of 160-mm thick rectangular strips, monitored with an optical interferometric microscope, revealed the presence of residual tensile stresses in the near-ablated surface. HF chemical thinning of the sample showed the thickness of ablation-affected layer provoking strain was ∼275 nm, a value independent of laser fluence (1.9-4.7 J/cm2) and scanning speed (94 - 220 µm/s). A near-surface mean residual tensile stress of ∼80 MPa was inferred from a thin film-substrate approximation.
While a patriotic tendency in traditional journalism has been intensively investigated, there is much less evidence and fewer analyses of the phenomenon regarding online journalism. In this research, three main indicators of patriotic journalism are addressed: adopting governmental framing, expressing solidarity with the community, and ignoring the enemy’s narratives and positions. These indicators are investigated while analyzing online coverage of a confrontation between Israel and Hamas. A total of 192 online news items on three Israeli news websites were analyzed, in addition to 8344 user comments. The findings reveal that journalists behaved in a patriotic manner like their counterparts from the traditional media. However, users thought it was not patriotic enough. The authors argue that while patriotic behavior in traditional journalism has been often considered as deviant from the traditional objective model of journalism, in the online interactive environment, patriotic coverage of national conflicts might be seen as a natural part of the journalistic work.
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