No abstract

Galectin-3 plays important roles in cell adhesion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, neoplastic transformation, and metastasis. Galectin-3 expression has been evaluated in various malignant neoplasms to determine its effectiveness in differential diagnosis from benign lesions and its effects on carcinogenesis. There are few and somewhat controversial results regarding its changes through cancer progression in thyroid malignancies. We studied the presence of galectin-3 expression immunohistochemically and its relation with tumor invasiveness and lymph node metastasis in 89 cases of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. Galectin overexpression was less frequent in cases with lymph node metastases compared with cases without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001). Metastatic foci in lymph nodes showed a lower degree of galectin-3 overexpression than their primary lesions (P = 0.001). Degree of galectin-3 overexpression was also lower in larger tumors (P = 0.009). Additionally, a decreased level of galectin-3 overexpression was observed at the invasive edges of the tumors (P = 0.001). Galectin-3 overexpression is more profound in early stages of papillary carcinoma, and its expression intensity decreases during tumor progression. This finding is consistent with roles for galectin-3 in cell adhesion to other tumor cells and the matrix.

Purified high-density liquid injectable silicone causes a low-grade and well-tolerated inflammatory response during the long term and can be used when given as small-volume injections.

Fibromatosis is a benign lesion, which originates from proliferating fibroblasts. Although fibromatosis is a benign tumor, it is locally aggressive and invasive. Spinal presentation of fibromatosis is very rare, and case reports are the only source of the clinical knowledge. Herein, we describe the oldest patient having spinal fibromatosis with de novo occurrence and aggressive nature. A 68-year-old female patient admitted to our outpatient clinic with low back pain and neurological claudication. On lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging, she had spinal canal stenosis with a concomitant lesion in the left longissimus muscle. We did our best to resect the tumor, entirely. The pathology result was consistent with spindle cell lesion. The lesion recurred 6 months after the primary surgery. In the second surgery, we did en bloc resection. Pathology and immunohistochemical analysis results were consistent with fibromatosis. After the second surgery, she had adjuvant radiotherapy. There was nothing other than radionecrosis in the operation site, still after 2 years. In conclusion, radiological work-up is usually insufficient to make fibromatosis diagnosis and whole pathological specimen should be carefully evaluated to achieve the accurate diagnosis. Spinal fibromatosis is very rare and its treatment methods have not universally been conceptualized. However, adjuvant therapies are necessary after en bloc resection.KeywOrds: Fibromatosis, Lumbar spine, Radiotherapy, Surgery ÖZ Fibromatozis, fibroblastların çoğalması sonrası oluşan bening bir lezyondur. Fibromatozis, bening olmasına rağmen, lokal olarak agresifdir ve invazif bir seyir seyreder. Spinal fibromatozis çok nadirdir ve literatürde sadece olgu sunumları bulunmaktadır. Yazıda, de novo oluşan ve agresif bir klinik tabloya sahip olan, literatürdeki en yaşlı hasta sunuldu. Altmış sekiz yaşında kadın bir hasta kliniğimize bel ağrısı ve nörojenik kladikasyon ile başvurdu. Lomber MR incelemesinde, spinal dar kanal ile beraber, sol paraspinal alanda, longissimus kasının içinde kitle lezyonu saptandı. Mümkün olan en geniş cerrahi eksizyon uygulandı. Patoloji sonucu iğsi hücreli lezyon olarak geldi. Altı ay sonra, lezyon nüksetti. İkinci ameliyatta, en blok rezeksiyon yapıldı. Patoloji ve immünohistokimyasal çalışmalar patolojiyi fibromatozis olarak sonuçlandırdı. İkinci ameliyattan sonra hasta adjuvan radyoterapi aldı. Hastanın 2 yıllık takibinde radyonekroz dışında ek patoloji saptanmadı. Radyolojik çalışmalar fibromatozis tanısı konulmasında yetersiz olabiliyor; bu sebeple patolojik preparat detaylı olarak incelenmelidir. Spinal fibromatozis çok nadirdir ve hâlâ genel kabul görmüş standart bir tedavisi yoktur. Ancak; en blok cerrahiden sonra adjuvan tedaviler gerekmektedir.

Onychomycosis (OM) is a common fungal infection of the toenails and/or fingernails that is highly prevalent in the general population and also responsible for significant morbidity. OM is caused by dermatophytes, nondermatophytic molds, or yeast. Today systemic antifungal agents are considered as the gold standard for all types of OM. Here we report a case of aplastic anemia associated with oral terbinafine use and a review of the literature on hematological toxicities associated with terbinafine.