BackgroundStress is a common contributing factor for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study was to evaluate the efficacy of the centralized health education program in improving the quality of life (QOL) of middle school students with IBS who experienced the Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008.MethodsA multi-center, randomized and open evaluation study design was adopted. A total of 584 students who met the Rome III criteria for IBS in four middle schools were identified. Of these students, 29 were excluded for various reasons, and the remaining 555 students were randomly assigned to either the health education group (n = 277) or the control group (n = 278, received no health education). De-identified data were collected via the IBS quality of life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire and abdominal pain was assessed during the 5-year follow-up survey.ResultsThe IBS-QOL mean total score was comparable at baseline between no-education group and education group no matter in quake-unaffected areas or quake-affected areas (52.27 vs 51.43, t = 1.15, P > 0.05; 51.02 vs 50.64, t = 1.98, P > 0.05). During the 5-year study period, 84 students opted out during follow-up. After 5 years, a significant difference of the IBS-QOL mean total score was observed between the no-education group and education group in quake-unaffected areas (80.53 vs 93.67, t = − 55.45, P < 0.01), which was also observed in quake-affected areas (64.23 vs 93.80, t = − 188.10, P < 0.01). In addition, there was a reciprocal action between factor 1(health education or not) and factor 2(affected by the earthquake or not) regarding IBS-QOL for dysphoria(Q1), interference with activity(Q2), food avoidance(Q5) and relationships(Q8)(P < 0.001) at year 1, 3 and 5. In all students, abdominal pain scores gradually reduced from baseline in each subgroup over 5 years (P < 0.001).The improvement was greater in the education group than in the control group no matter in quake-unaffected area and in quake-affected areas(P < 0.001). There was a reciprocal action between factor 1(health education or not) and factor 2(duration of follow-up) regarding the mean abdominal pain symptom score irrespective of quake-unaffected or quake-affected areas (P = 0.029 and P < 0.001).ConclusionThe health education program improved quality of life and abdominal pain in middle school IBS students in Wenchuan quake-affected areas.
Although microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) has been known for decades as a key regulator for melanocytic differentiation, recent studies expanded its other roles in multiple biological processes. Among these newfound roles, the relationship between MITF and aging is attractive; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we review the documented cues that highlight the implication of MITF in the aging process and particularly discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the participation of MITF in cellular senescence. First, it summarizes the association of MITF with melanocytic senescence, including the roles of MITF in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage repair, oxidative stress response, and the generation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Then, it collects the information involving MITF-related senescent changes in nonmelanocytes, such as retinal pigment epithelium cells, osteoclasts, and cardiomyocytes. This review may deepen the understanding of MITF function and be helpful to develop new strategies for improving geriatric health.
Controlling intraoperative hemorrhage is a very troublesome problem for these giant tumors, but it is of vital significance. When blood loss exceeds the maximum permissive level, it becomes life threatening. The purpose of this study is to report on our successful experience in controlling blood loss through using balloon catheters to occlude the abdominal aorta. Surgical management of large sacral tumors is challenging for surgeons and anesthesiologists, in particular due to extensive hemorrhage, which is often refractory to control strategies (8,10,17,20). Several studies (7,9,12,15,16,18) have reported that occluding the abdominal aorta with a balloon catheter is an effective method to control intraoperative blood loss while also gaining better outcomes and fewer complications.The sacrococcygeal region is a complex anatomical area. The pelvic cavity provides many spaces for tumors to grow to quite a large size before symptoms become obvious (19). RESUlTS: Thirty patients underwent surgery via a posterior approach; these cases included 21 chordomas, 5 schwannomas, and 4 giant cell tumors of bone. Wide resections were performed in 26 patients (86.7%) and margin resections were performed in 4 (13.3%) patients. Most patients' symptoms were relieved through surgery and only nine patients (30%) experienced recurrence of the tumors during follow-up.CONClUSION: Sacrococcygeal region giant tumors are still difficult to treat, especially for malignant tumors. Balloon catheter occlusions of the lower abdominal aorta can notably decreased intraoperative hemorrhage, shorten operation time, and decrease postoperative complications. This method is a good choice for neurosurgeons to manage these giant tumors in the sacral region.
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