Objectives: To characterize exposure to cotton dust as an inducer of Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and determine the pattern of immunohistochemical inflammatory response, describing the expression of cytokines and chemokines, of the nasal mucosa of individuals exposed to cotton dust who developed CRS.Methods: CRS diagnosis of individuals exposed to cotton in the workplace was made using a questionnaire based on the European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (EPOS) and the 22 item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and confirmed with computed tomography and nasofibroscopy. Biopsy of the middle turbinate mucosa was used for the analysis of the expression of IL-4, IL-5 and RANTES, in addition to measures of total Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and Radioallergosorbent test (RAST). The analyses also included a control group that was not exposed to cotton dust.
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