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BackgroundObservational studies suggest there are gender based differences in the treatment of coronary artery disease, with women receiving evidence based therapy less frequently than suggested by current guidelines. The aim of our study was to evaluate gender based differences in the use of DES.MethodsWe analysed prospectively collected data from 100704 stent implantations in the PCI registry of the ALKK between 2005 and 2009.ResultsThe usage of DES increased from 16.0 to 43.9%. Although women had smaller vessel sizes, they received DES less often compared to men (28.2 vs. 31.3%), with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.89-0.97) at the age of 75, and an adjusted odds ratio of 0.89 (95% confidence interval 0.84-0.94) at the age of 80.ConclusionDespite having smaller vessels than men, women were treated less often with DES. These findings apply to women above the age of 75 years. These findings support previous reports, that elderly women with coronary artery disease are treated differently to men.

Heart transplantation has now become an accepted treatment for end-stage coronary heart disease (CAD). However, the limited supply of suitable donor organs imposes constraints upon the decision of whether patients are selected for transplantation or for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). From April 1986 until the end of March 1992, 265 patients with end-stage CAD involving left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 10% to 30% and predominant angina pectoris underwent CABG. All patients received an average of 2.9 +/- 0.3 venous grafts. Intraaortic balloon pumps were implanted in 30 patients (11.3%) who began to develop low cardiac output syndrome intraoperatively. The actuarial survival rate was 87.8% after 2 years and 86.9% after 3 years. LVEF was measured in 35 patients via left heart catheterization 12 months after their operations and was found to have increased from a mean of 23.8% to 38.1%. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure had decreased from 16.2 mmHg to an average of 12.1 mmHg. Swan-Ganz catheterization was performed on 120 patients 6 months postoperatively. The pulmonary wedge pressure had reduced significantly from 18.1 mmHg to a mean of 12.7 mmHg (p < 0.01). From 1990 until the end of March 1992, 55 patients with CAD and predominant heart failure received transplants. Their 2-year survival rate was 66.3%. Mean LVEF was 55.6% postoperatively. We conclude that CABG is adequate for patients who have end-stage CAD and angina pectoris symptoms, and that it significantly improves hemodynamic functions. Patients suffering predominantly from heart failure (NYHA Class IV) can be transplanted and subsequently regain normal heart function.

Dual-isotope single-photon emission tomography (SPET) with indium-111 antimyosin and thallium-201 chloride was performed in 54 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) to detect the location and extent of myocardial necrosis (antimyosin) and viable myocardium (201Tl). All patients underwent intravenous thrombolytic therapy with either streptokinase (1.5 million units/90 min) or tissue plasminogen activator (80 mg/90 min). Sensitivity in detecting MI was 91% (49/54 patients). With regard to dual-isotope SPET patterns, patients were divided into three groups: match, i.e. antimyosin uptake in segments with thallium defect (n = 8); mismatch, i.e. no uptake of either of the nuclides in corresponding segments (presence of perfusion abnormalities in the absence of antimyosin uptake) (n = 5); and overlap, i.e. thallium uptake in segments with uptake of antimyosin (n = 41). Coronary angiography and thallium exercise tests were performed in 40 and 45 patients, respectively, 5-14 days after MI. Exercise-induced ischaemia occurred in 66% of patients with overlap, 14% with match and 0% with mismatch (P < 0.05 for overlap vs other groups). If, however, major in-hospital complications (sudden cardiac death, severe arrhythmias; five overlap, three overlap in addition to match/mismatch, two match, two mismatch) were included in the statistical analysis, there was no significant difference between the three groups (P = NS). Thus, although the dual-isotope pattern "overlap" identifies a subgroup of patients with a substantial amount of residual viable tissue after MI and a high probability of exercise-induced ischaemia, this criterion is of limited value in assessing short-term prognosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Coronary revascularization in patients with chronic coronary heart disease (CHD) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is mainly based on factors such as coronary anatomy, ventricular function, accompanying diseases and the patient's biological age. Rest- or exercise-induced ischaemia should be proven before a bypass operation or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Although a significant amount of ischaemic but still viable myocardium is a necessary condition for successful revascularization, the detection of viable myocardium is of major importance in a rather small subset of patients. These are patients with hibernating (or a combination of hibernating and stunned) myocardium in whom the aforementioned parameters do not yield an unequivocal result. Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy with re-injection or rest-redistribution is an established, proven and cost-effective way of detecting viable myocardium. Other methods such as positron emission tomography with different tracers or technetium-99m sestamibi SPET are discussed and compared to thallium-201 SPET. In conclusion, the detection of ischaemic but still viable myocardium is of importance in only a rather small subset of patients with CHD. In this context thallium-201 myocardial SPET is and still remains the method of choice.