Objective:The aim of this study was to verify, in vivo and in vitro, the prevalence of root canal bifurcation in mandibular incisors by digital radiography.Material and Methods:Four hundred teeth were analyzed for the in vivo study. Digital radiographs were taken in an orthoradial direction from the mandibular incisor and canine regions. The digital radiographs of the canine region allowed visualizing the incisors in a distoradial direction using 20° deviation. All individuals agreed to participate by signing an informed consent form. The in vitro study was conducted on 200 mandibular incisors positioned on a model, simulating the mandibular dental arch. Digital radiographs were taken from the mandibular incisors in both buccolingual and mesiodistal directions.Results:The digital radiography showed presence of bifurcation in 20% of teeth evaluated in vitro in the mesiodistal direction. In the buccolingual direction, 17.5% of teeth evaluated in vivo and 15% evaluated in vitro presented bifurcation or characteristics indicating bifurcation.Conclusions:Digital radiography associated with X-ray beam distally allowed detection of a larger number of cases of bifurcated root canals or characteristics of bifurcation.
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone healing in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and compare the results with normotensive rats, evaluating male and female animals.Methods: A bone drill defect was created in the left femur of 24 SHR (12 males and 12 females) and 24 normotensive rats (12 males and 12 females). The animals were divided into two groups and sacrificed 7 and 21 days after the surgical procedure. After the routine laboratory processing, histological and histometric analysis were carried out and data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's test (5%).Results: Males and females from the same group had similar histological characteristics. After seven days, all animals presented irregular bone trabeculae. The periosteal osteoblasts were flattened in SHR, and presented a cuboid shape in normotensive animals. After 21 days, the bone defects of all specimens showed a linear closure in all the superficial extension. In addition, SHR presented flattened osteoblasts surrounding the bone trabeculae, while normotensive ones showed cuboidal cells. Statistical analysis of the histometric data indicated similar means between the male and female groups, except for normotensive rats on day 7. In addition, a larger amount of new bone formation was observed in hypertensive when compared to normotensive rats on day 21, in males as well as females. Conclusion:We conclude that bone healing in SHR was more significant than in normotensive ones, as shown by the histological and histometric evaluation 21 days after surgery.Key words: Femur/abnormalities, hypertension, rats, inbred (SHR). Systemic arterial hypertension is one of the most important world's health problems. Some bone pathologies may be aggravated in hypertensive individuals due to their pattern of calcium regulation, which induces bone loss in hypertensive human individuals 1-3 as well as in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) [4][5][6] . Thus, bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced in hypertensive humans 1-3 and in SHR [4][5][6] , when compared to normal normotensive controls.Despite the possibility that this pathology can affect both sexes, most experimental studies were carried out in male rats. Liang et al 7 stated that more detailed investigations of bone behavior in female rats were necessary, due to the fact that, in humans, osteoporosis is more prevalent in women than in men.The connection between hypertension and bone metabolism is evident; however, the process of bone repair in hypertensive individuals is little known. Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate, histological and histometrically, the process of bone repair in SHR of both sexes, comparing the results to those obtained from normotensive animals. MethodsThis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institution (Protocol # 051/2002 PA/CEP).A monocortical bone defect (2mm) was created in the local of largest diameter in the proximal region of the left femur diaphysis of 48 rats (24 hypertensive and 24 normotensive rats). Seven days after the surgery, 12 norm...
Summary An evaluation was made of the local action of alendronate sodium (A), hydroxyapatite (HA) and the association of both substances (A + HA), in different molar concentrations, on the femur bone repair of ovariectomized rats. Ninety-eight animals were divided into seven groups: control (C), starch (S), alendronate 1 mol (A1), alendronate 2 mols (A2), hydroxyapatite 1 mol (HA1), hydroxyapatite 2 mols (HA2) and the association of alendronate + hydroxyapatite (A + HA). Rats weighing about 250 g were ovariectomized and 2.5-mm diameter bone defects were made on the left femur 30 days later. Each experimental group had defects filled with appropriate material, except for group C (control). The animals were killed 7 and 21 days after surgery. Histological, histomorphometric and statistical analyses of bone neoformation in the bone defect site were performed. From the histological standpoint, the major differences occurred after 21 days. All specimens in groups C, S, HA1 and HA2 presented linear closure of the bone defect, and most animals in groups A1, A2 and A + HA showed no bone neoformation in the central area of the defect. No statistically significant difference was found among the experimental groups after 7 days; after 21 days, group HA2 presented the highest amount of neoformed bone. There was no significant difference among groups A1, A2 and A + HA in the two study periods. It was concluded that alendronate, either isolated or in association with hydroxyapatite, had an adverse effect on bone repair in this experimental model. Moreover, the hydroxyapatite used here proved to be biocompatible and osteoconductive, with group HA2 showing the best results.
SummaryBackground: The arterial hypertension is a disorder characterized by relevant alterations in the bone tissue. The sodium alendronate is indicated in the treatment of bone diseases, because of its affinity with the hydroxyapatite, inhibiting the bone reabsorptions.
ResumoO câncer bucal é um problema de saúde pública em muitos países, inclusive no Brasil. Todavia, a prevenção e o diagnóstico precoce continuam sendo as formas mais efi cazes de combate ao câncer.Traçar um perfi l dos casos de carcinoma epidermoide na cidade de São José dos Campos, SP.Foram levantados todos os laudos emitidos no período de 1972 a 2004, sendo que desses, apenas 224 continham o diagnóstico de interesse. A seguir, foram coletados os dados referentes ao sexo, à raça, à idade e à localização da lesão primária. Estes foram, então, tabulados e analisados, utilizando-se da estatística descritiva.Quanto ao sexo, observou-se uma forte predileção pelo masculino (80,4%), o mesmo acontecendo em relação à raça branca (74,6%). Já a respeito da idade dos pacientes no momento do diagnóstico, 86,2% estavam entre a quinta e a oitava década de vida. Neste estudo, também se pode notar que a língua foi a região mais acometida, com 22,8% dos casos, seguida do lábio inferior, 19,7%, e do soalho bucal, 14,3%.O padrão epidemiológico apresentado pelo câncer bucal na cidade de São José dos Campos, SP e região não difere daquele observado no restante do Brasil. AbstractOral cancer is a public health issue in many countries, including Brazil. Thus, prevention and early diagnosis still remain as the most effective ways to combat cancer.The present study aimed to obtain a profi le of squamous cell carcinoma cases in the city of São José dos Campos.All case fi les from 1972 to 2004 were analyzed and only 224 had the diagnosis of interest. Data regarding gender, race, age and location of the primary lesion were tabled and analyzed, using descriptive statistics.Regarding gender, a strong occurrence in males (80.4% of the cases) was observed, the same regarding white race (74.6%). In regards to age, 86.2% of the patients were between the fi fth and eighth decade of life at the moment of the diagnosis. In this study, is was also noticeable that tongue was the most affected region, with 22.8% of the cases, followed by inferior lip (19.7%) and mouth fl oor (14.3%).The epidemiological pattern presented by oral cancer in the city of São José dos Campos does not differ from the one observed in the other parts of Brazil. IntroduçãoSegundo estimativas do Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) para o ano de 2005, serão diagnosticados no Brasil 467.440 novos casos de câncer, sendo que, desses, 13.880 acometerão a cavidade bucal, colocando-a como o sexto local de maior incidência da doença entre os homens e a oitava entre as mulheres. Estes números mostram que, apesar de todos os avanços obtidos, o câncer bucal continua sendo um problema de saúde pública (BRA-SIL, 2004).Cabe, portanto, as autoridades competentes estabelecerem programas que incentivem a prevenção e o diagnóstico precoce desta doença. Considerando principalmente que, a exemplo do que ocorre com as demais neoplasias malignas, o câncer bucal tem a sua etiologia fortemente associada a fatores ambientais, possibilitando, assim, a adoção de medidas preventivas bastante efi cazes . En...
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