Accumulating evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived exosomes (exo) mediate cardiac repair following myocardial infarction (MI). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a critical role in regulating cell homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of exo secreted from bone marrow‐MSCs (BM‐MSCs) overexpressing MIF in a rat model of MI. MIF plasmid was transducted in BM‐MSCs. Exo were isolated from the supernatants of BM‐MSCs and MIF‐BM‐MSCs, respectively. The morphology of mitochondria in neonatal mice cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) was determined by MitoTracker staining. The apoptosis of NRCMs was examined by deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling. BM‐MSC‐exo and MIF‐BM‐MSC‐exo were intramuscularly injected into the peri‐infarct region in a rat model of MI. The heart function of rats was assessed by echocardiography. The expression of MIF was greatly enhanced in MIF‐BM‐MSCs compared with BM‐MSCs. Both BM‐MSC‐exo and MIF‐BM‐MSC‐exo expressed CD63 and CD81. NRCMs treated with MIF‐BM‐MSC‐exo exhibited less mitochondrial fragmentation and cell apoptosis under hypoxia/serum deprivation (H/SD) challenge than those treated with BM‐MSC‐exo via activating adenosine 5′‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase signaling. Moreover, these effects were partially abrogated by Compound C. Injection of BM‐MSC‐exo or MIF‐BM‐MSC‐exo greatly restored heart function in a rat model of MI. Compared with BM‐MSC‐exo, injection of MIF‐BM‐MSC‐exo was associated with enhanced heart function, reduced heart remodeling, less cardiomyocyte mitochondrial fragmentation, reactive oxygen species generation, and apoptosis. Our study reveals a new mechanism of MIF‐BM‐MSC‐exo‐based therapy for MI and provides a novel strategy for cardiovascular disease treatment.

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Aggressive angiomyxoma (AAM) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that usually occurs in the pelvis and perineum of young females. AAM can simulate Bartholin's gland cyst, abscess, lipoma, simple labial cyst, or other pelvic soft tissue tumors. Here we present five cases of AAM with mean age of 42. The patients mainly presented slow-growing mass in the abdomen and perineum (3 cases in the pelvis, 1 in the vulva, and 1 in the buttock). Color Doppler flow imaging revealed blood flow for the 3 pelvic lesions. Enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the other 2 cases showed the typical “swirled” or “layered” structure characteristic. Through the pathological examination, its positivity to estrogen and progesterone receptors can justify enlargement and recurrence, confirming the tumor is AAM. All 5 patients underwent local tumor resection. Two patients recurred 8 and 15 months after surgery, respectively. The longest follow-up was 42 months. Although few cases are reported, early recognition demands high index of suspicion for both gynaecologists and pathologists. Wide surgical excision with tumor free margins is the basis of curative treatment. Adjuvant therapy may be necessary for residual or recurrent tumors. Long-term follow-up is recommended.