Graphene-wrapped polyaniline (PANI) nanowire array modified functionalized carbon cloth (fCC) (fCC-PANI array-rGO) is successfully fabricated and served as free-standing electrode for assembling flexible solidstate supercapacitors (SCs). Carbon cloth is functionalized so as to improve both hydrophilicity and capacitance, thus the vertically aligned PANI nanowire arrays are conducive to growth on fCC. After being wrapped with graphene, the fCC-PANI array-rGO electrode exhibits largest capacitance of 471 mF/cm 2 at 0.5 mA/cm 2 . In addition, the graphene layer is employed as protective layer to alleviate swelling and shrinking of PANI in order to improve the cycle stability of fCC-PANI array-rGO. As a result, the free-standing electrode can maintain 75.5% of original capacitance even up to 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, the flexible solid-state SCs based on fCC-PANI array-rGO exhibit an outstanding area capacitance of 197 mF/cm 2 at current density of 0.1 mA/cm 2 , keeping 91.3% of its original value after 7000 cycles at 5 mA/cm 2 . Remarkably, the flexible solid-state SCs exhibit excellent mechanical properties and maintain about 100% of its capacitance, when bent at 180°a fter 500 cycles. Moreover, the flexible solid-state SCs are further employed as energy-storage device to light up a red, green, or yellow LED. Thus, the flexible solid-state SCs based on fCC-PANI array-rGO exhibit potential applications as a candidate for flexible energy-storage devices.
Nitrate
and nitrite (NO
x
–) are
widespread contaminants in industrial wastewater and groundwater.
Sustainable ammonia (NH3) production via NO
x
– electroreduction provides a prospective
alternative to the energy-intensive industrialized Haber–Bosch
process. However, selectively regulating the reaction pathway, which
involves complicated electron/proton transfer, toward NH3 generation relies on the robust catalyst. A specific consideration
in designing selective NO
x
–-to-NH3 catalysts should meet the criteria to suppress
competing hydrogen evolution and avoid the presence of neighboring
active sites that are in favor of adverse N–N coupling. Nevertheless,
efforts in this regard are still inadequate. Herein, we demonstrate
that isolated ruthenium sites can selectively reduce NO
x
– into NH3, with maximal
Faradaic efficiencies of 97.8% (NO2
– reduction)
and 72.8% (NO3
– reduction) at −0.6
and −0.4 V, respectively. Density functional theory calculations
simulated the reaction mechanisms and identified the *NO →
*NOH as the potential rate-limiting step for NO
x
–-to-NH3 conversion on single-atom
Ru sites.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.