The China–Pakistan relation has historical underpinning. By establishing diplomatic relations in 1951, each passing decade has witnessed that China–Pakistan relations coalesce into a dependable friendship. This relationship has gone beyond the usual diplomatic and political comfortability transcending to a broad-based framework incorporating economics, trade and defence dimensions. In the given context, this paper is an empirical study aiming to examine the historical process in the gradual culmination of China–Pakistan relations into a broad-based partnership. It further evaluates the present nature of relationship between the two countries and the prospects it holds in the wake of changing world scenario. By primarily focusing on the secondary sources of data and interviewing key people from the decision-making circles, this paper argues that the China–Pakistan relation is deep-rooted in the history and the on-going collaboration between China and Pakistan in defence and economy is the natural evolution of their mutual ties.
Elevated concentrations of dietary
selenium (Se) cause abnormalities
and extirpation of fish inhabiting in Se-contaminated environments.
However, its effect on fish behavior and the underlying mechanisms
remain largely unknown. In this study, two-month-old zebrafish (Danio rerio) was fed seleno-l-methionine (Se-Met)
at environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., control (2.61),
low (5.43), medium (12.16), and high (34.61) μg Se/g dry weight
(dw), respectively, corresponding to the C, L, M, and H treatments)
for 60 days. Targeted metabolomics, histopathological, and targeted
transcriptional endpoints were compared to behavioral metrics to evaluate
the effects of dietary exposure to Se-Met . The results showed that
the levels of total Se and malondialdehyde in fish brains were increased
in a dose-dependent pattern. Meanwhile, mitochondrial damages and
decreased activities of the mitochondria respiratory chain complexes
were observed in the neurons at the M and H treatments. In addition,
dietary Se-Met affected neurotransmitters, metabolites, and transcripts
of the genes associated with the dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric
acid, acetylcholine, and histamine signaling pathways in zebrafish
brains at the H treatments. The total swimming distance and duration
in the Novel Arm were lowered in fish from the H treatment. This study
has demonstrated that dietary Se-Met affects the ultrastructure of
the zebrafish brain, neurotransmitters, and associated fish behaviors
and may help enhance adverse outcome pathways for neurotransmitter-behavior
key events in zebrafish.
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