The commercial infrared (IR) photodetectors based on epitaxial growth inorganic semiconductors, e.g. InGaAs and HgCdTe, suffer from the high fabrication cost, poor compatibility with silicon integrated circuits, rigid substrate and...
ABSTRACT. We aimed to explore the changes of peripheral B1 cells before and after treatment of adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and to investigate the association of these changes with the disease condition and prognosis. Ninety-seven ITP patients were divided into the effective or ineffective groups, based on their response to hormone therapy. Forty healthy volunteers were enrolled into the control group (HC). The percentages of CD19 + cells, B1 cells, and platelet-associated immunoglobulin (PAIg) in peripheral blood from healthy volunteers and ITP patients before and after treatment were evaluated, and blood platelet (PLT) counts were determined. The percentages of CD19 + cells [(21 ± 10.0) vs (11.2 ± 7.1)%], B1 cells [(8.85 ± 5.23) vs (2.2 ± 1.3)%], and PAIg [(28 ± 19) vs (11.7 ± 8)%] in whole blood from ITP patients before treatment were significantly higher than those in whole blood from healthy controls (P < 0.05). Before treatment, the percentage of B1 cells and PAIg in ITP patients was negatively correlated with the PLT level (r = -0.89, P < 0.05 and r = -0.814, P < 0.05, respectively). Further, the B1 cell percentage was positively associated with the PAIg percentage in ITP patients before treatment. In the effective group, the B1 cell percentage was reduced sharply at 1 month after treatment [(2.45 ± 1.75) vs (8.74 ± 5.04)%, P < 0.05)], so as at 3 and 6 months. However, in the ineffective group, there was no difference in the B1 cell percentage before and after treatment [(7.9 ± 5.6) vs (8.76 ± 5.26)%]. This obvious association of changes in peripheral B1 cells with disease condition and prognosis in ITP patients may be of certain clinical significance for guiding the individualized treatment of ITP.
Nickel oxide (NiO
x
) nanocrystals
have
been widely used in inverted (p-i-n) flexible perovskite solar cells
(fPSCs) due to their remarkable advantages of low cost and outstanding
stability. However, anion and cation impurities such as NO3
– widely exist in the NiO
x
nanocrystals obtained from calcinated nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)2). The impurities impair the photovoltaic performance of fPSCs.
In this work, we report a facile but effective way to reduce the impurities
within the NiO
x
nanocrystals by regulating
the Ni(OH)2 crystal phase. We add different alkalis, such
as organic ammonium hydroxide and alkali metal hydroxides, to nickel
nitrate solutions to precipitate layered Ni(OH)2 with different
crystalline phase compositions (α and β mixtures). Especially,
Ni(OH)2 with a high β-phase content (such as from
KOH) has a narrower crystal plane spacing, resulting in fewer residual
impurity ions. Thus, the NiO
x
nanocrystals,
by calcinating the Ni(OH)
x
with excess β phase from KOH, show improved performance in
inverted fPSCs. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.42%
has been achieved, which is among the state-of-art inverted fPSCs
based on the NiO
x
hole transport material.
Moreover, the reduced impurities are beneficial for enhancing the
fPSCs’ stability. This work provides an essential but facile
strategy for developing high-performance inverted fPSCs.
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