RLN palsy still occurs with routine endoscopic identification of the nerve, even combined with LNM. LNM has the advantage of elucidating the mechanism of RLN injury. Traction and thermal RLN injuries are the most frequent lesions in VAT.

In summary, serum OPG and baPWV levels are elevated in diabetic patients and serum OPG levels are significantly associated with inflammation and arterial stiffness.

Of 1,132 children treated for malignant neoplasias at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 101 developed herpes zoster. This population was studied retrospectively to determine frequency of infection, relationship to cancer therapy, clinical course, complications, and results of treatment. The incidence of infection was highest (22%) in patients with Hodgkin disease and lowest (0.7%) in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. The overall incidence was 9%.Mortality was low in these children\p=m-\3%for those with infection and 0.3% for the total population.Complications included pneumonitis, meningoencephalitis, chronic thrombocytopenia, iritis, keratitis, and progressive and prolonged cutaneous zoster. Cobalt-60 irradiation produced no significant changes in zoster incidence, and no specific chemotherapeutic drugs could be implicated as instigating factors in infection. Rates of survival and recurrence of malignant neoplasm were not affected by the presence of herpes zoster infection.Herpes zoster, an inflammatory hu¬ man disease caused by vari¬ cella-zoster virus, is characterized by papulovesicular lesions along the dis¬ tribution of a sensory nerve. In nor¬ mal children, the infection is benign1 and seems to occur at a low fre¬ quency, generally below that in adults. Rodger and Tindall2 found that of 576 patients with zoster, only 5% were under 15 years of age.Knowles,3 however, reported that 40% of 286 cases occurred in children 4 months to 18 years of age.

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