Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) has received more study and use as golf course turf than velvet bentgrass (A. canina L.). The objective of two field trials, managed as putting green and fairway turf, was to evaluate the performance of creeping and velvet bentgrass in mixed swards with annual bluegrass (Poa annua var. reptans Hausskn.) when subjected to traffic stresses. The trials were initiated on a sandy loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult). Wear (no‐wear and wear) and compaction (no‐compaction and compaction) were applied in a factorial combination to 15 creeping or velvet bentgrasses. Turf quality, turf density, and bentgrass populations of cultivars were more susceptible to wear stress than compaction. Velvet bentgrass performed and resisted the spread of annual bluegrass better than most creeping bentgrasses. Cultivars that formed denser turf performed well in both trials; ‘Vesper’, ‘7001’, and ‘Penn A‐4’ had the best overall performance. Interactions indicated ‘SR 7200’, ‘Penn G‐2’, and ‘Providence’ were susceptible to compaction. ‘Pennlinks’ and ‘Penncross’ were ineffective at maintaining desirable bentgrass populations particularly in the putting green trial. Management strategies that minimize wear damage may have a greater impact on turf quality and bentgrass populations in mixed stands than practices intended to manage compaction, particularly on well‐drained soil.
and Kardos, 1963;Brown and Duble, 1975;Taylor and Blake, 1979;Baker and Richards, 1993). Much of these Sand-based root zones are commonly used for construction of golf previous reports emphasized physical properties of root course putting greens. Objectives of this field study were to (i) evaluate sand-based root zone mixtures varying in amendment (fine loam, zone mixtures, with more limited information provided peat, and inorganic) on the establishment of 'L-93' creeping bentgrass on turfgrass response. Identifying combinations of con-(Agrostis stolonifera L.), (ii) compare findings to related published struction materials that result in appropriate physical studies, and (iii) repeat the trial in two locations varying in air circulaproperties, as well as turfgrass response, would define tion to assess microenvironmental effect. Eleven root zone mixtures, the range of flexibility in material selection that is availusing predominantly medium-sized sand as the majority component, able for construction of a putting green root zone and were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design provide useful information to property developers connested within the two microenvironments. Plots were seeded in May ducting cost-benefit evaluations. 1998 and establishment was assessed to June 1999. Mixtures with a Material specifications for the construction of putting capillary porosity (Ϫ3 kPa water potential) at the high end of, or green root zones are available (Green Section Staff, slightly exceeding, the United States Golf Association (USGA) criterion range (0.15-0.25 m 3 m Ϫ3 ) provided more rapid establishment and 1993; Davis et al.
Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) is frequently established on sports fields that receive wear during one or more seasons. Differences exist among Kentucky bluegrass cultivars for seasonal performance characteristics such as spring green‐up and summer stress tolerance. The objective of this study was to determine whether the wear tolerance and recovery of Kentucky bluegrass cultivars were dependent on season. Twenty‐two Kentucky bluegrass cultivars, representing nine genetically diverse Kentucky bluegrass types, were established in September 2002 in North Brunswick, NJ on a loam. The effects of simulated wear were evaluated during spring, summer, and fall in 2004 and 2005. Generally, Kentucky bluegrass was more tolerant of wear during spring than summer or fall and recovery was more rapid after spring wear. The performance of many cultivars depended on season of wear; however, ‘Julia’ consistently exhibited the greatest wear tolerance as well as recovery. Compact‐Midnight Type cultivars (‘Midnight’, ‘Midnight II’, and ‘Liberator’) had good wear tolerance during fall wear, however were slow to recover after fall wear. ‘Cabernet’, ‘Lakeshore’, ‘Moon Shadow’, ‘Limousine’, and ‘Jefferson’ exhibited more rapid recovery from fall wear during the next spring. ‘Langara’, ‘Bedazzled’, and ‘Touchdown’ had poor wear tolerance and recovery during all seasons. The season(s) of play should be considered when selecting Kentucky bluegrass cultivars for sports fields.
Tall fescue (TF) [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort.] and Kentucky bluegrass (KBG) Poa pratensis L.) are often seeded as mixtures in temperate and transition climates. This study assessed the performance and species composition of TF and KBG mixtures containing newer cultivars that were subjected to wear. Individual plots of TF cultivars were established in 2010 on a loam along with 16 mixtures of TF and KBG (TF 90/KBG 10; w/w). Wear was applied during autumn 2011, 2012, and 2013. Plots were evaluated for turfgrass quality, brown patch disease (caused by Rhizoctonia solani), and species composition. Data were analyzed using a 5 × 4 × 2 factorial of KBG (none, ‘Midnight II’, ‘Blue Note’, A05–361, A05–361), TF (‘Falcon V’, ‘Mustang 4’, ‘Justice’, ‘Greenkeeper’), and wear (no wear and wear) arranged in a strip plot design with three replications. Wear reduced quality but had no effect on species composition. Mixing KBG with Falcon V or Mustang 4 TF had no effect on quality after wear compared with either TF alone; however, the quality of Greenkeeper TF was better when mixed with Midnight II or Blue Note KBG, whereas mixing with A05–361 and A05–344 KBG had no effect on quality. Kentucky bluegrass selection had a much greater influence on species composition compared with TF selection. Tall fescue composition was influenced by KBG cultivar and ranged from 37 to 79%. Brown patch severity was decreased in TF mixtures with KBG and was more strongly influenced by KBG cultivar than TF cultivar. Our data indicate that KBG cultivars can dramatically affect TF composition of mixes and brown patch severity, whereas autumn wear does not.
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