Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a constellation of devastating chronic inflammatory changes in the bowel, either involving the large or small bowel or part of both. As it is widely diagnosed in the fertile age group, this disorder can present itself, very commonly, during pregnancy and thus a better understanding of the disease can be an important factor to influence the maternal and fetal well-being. Medications are what is considered the first line in the management of this disease to control the symptoms or keep the disease in remission. In addition to this, the drugs used to keep the disease in remission can also cause significant adverse effects on the patient and the new nurturing life preparing itself for the outside world. What the fetus gets from the mother will stay for life with the child. We conducted an electronic literature review search which highlights the significance and impact of sustained remission of IBD and the cautious use of various drugs during pregnancy for that purpose. In addition to the influences already mentioned, It is evident that nutritional deficiencies can also prevail with the advancing disease, something to manage as a side note as well. These deficiencies can have a definite effect on the fetus and may cause developmental malformations. In order to avoid this process, a systemic and joint approach should be curtailed. This can reduce the adverse outcomes associated with this ailment during pregnancy.

Chronic diseases, as their name suggests, are progressive and can have overlapping features. Similar to this, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) fall into the category of chronic degenerative diseases. The global burden of these two ailments is manifold; hence, it seems important to view the pathophysiologic mechanisms of DM in the worsening of AD. Genetic as well as environmental factors are seen to play a role in the disease pathogenesis. Several genes, metabolic pathways, electrolytes, and dietary habits are seen to hasten brain atrophy. Lying behind this is the accumulation of amyloid precursor and tauthe misfolded proteins-within the brain substance. This mechanism is usually innate to AD itself, but the impact of insulin resistance, disturbing the homeostatic milieu, is seen as a powerful contributing factor aggravating the neuronal loss impairing an individual's memory. Since this neuronal loss is permanent, it may lead to complications as seen with AD. To reach a consensus, we conducted an electronic literature review search using different databases. This aided us in understanding the common aspects between AD and DM on genetic, molecular, cellular levels, as well as the impact of minerals and diet on the disease manifestation. We also found that despite exceptional work, additional efforts are needed to explore the relationship between the two entities. This will help physicians, researchers, and pharmaceuticals to frame remedies targeting the cause and avoid the progression of AD.

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), first reported in China during December of 2019, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infection later spread very rapidly around the globe with over 8,708,008 cases reported, including more than 461,715 deaths reported across at least 216 countries by June 20, 2020. It was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. With the rapidly increasing number of positive cases and deaths, there is a dire need for effective treatment. An urgent unmet need led to the planning and opening of multiple drug development trials for treatment and vaccine development. In this article, we have compiled comprehensive data on many candidate drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, umifenovir, arbidol, lopinavir, ritonavir, baricitinib, hydroxychloroquine, nitazoxanide, azithromycin, baloxavir, oseltamivir, losartan, and tocilizumab. We have tabulated available data on various clinical trials testing various aspects of COVID-19 therapeutics.

Background Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity is altered in many human disorders. Current methods require tissue samples and yield inconsistent results. We describe a modified method for measuring PDH activity from isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Results/Methodology We found that PDH activity and quantity can be successfully measured in human PBMCs. Freeze-thaw cycles cannot efficiently disrupt the mitochondrial membrane. Processing time of up to 20 h does not affect PDH activity with proteinase inhibitor addition and a detergent concentration of 3.3% showed maximum yield. Sample protein concentration is correlated to PDH activity and quantity in human PBMCs from healthy subjects. Conclusion Measuring PDH activity from PBMCs is a novel, easy and less invasive way to further understand the role of PDH in human disease.

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis, often accompanied by elevated titers of anti-phospholipid antibodies. Cardiac involvement in APS is not uncommon. However, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) from in-situ thrombosis is a rare but important manifestation of APS. We present a rare case of AMI in a young female with APS secondary to in-situ coronary thrombosis.