T hIs research compares the addition of some oxidant agents such as Fe 2+ , h 2 O 2 and mixture from both to aqueous solution of dispersive yellow 42 dye, which regarded as an organic contaminant. This work performed during the dark reaction and photo reaction under artificial UV-A light (hPML-125 watt). In reality, the addition of the oxidant agents leaded to raise the light resistance of this dye to decolorize, this results can be used to increase the life time for textile materials which painted by this dye. The removal percentage without addition oxidant agent at 20 o C was decreased from 32.710 % to 21.445, 11.439 and 8.785% for addition Fe 2+ , h 2 O 2 and mixing of both respectively. Moreover, the decolorization percentage for mention materials was depressed from 94.444 to 60.869, 4.163 and 16.044 respectively. The effect of temperature determined with chose Fe 2+ as oxidant agent and compared with reaction without any addition, because the change is less compared with the other studied cases. The kinetic study of the photo-decolorization process of this dye demonstrated that the generated response is pseudo-first order. The Fenton and photo-Fenton improve the resistance of dye to decolorize during illuminated by light.The dye removal rates depress with the temperature increases from 288 K to 303 K; that due to the dark reaction is exothermic, nonspontaneous and obeys the physical adsorption depending on the values of enthalpy and free energy. In the contrast, the responsed of photodecolorization for this dye is found to be endothermic m non spontaneous and less random.

Perils of plastic waste (PW) from polymers (ex: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), lowdensity polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nylon, polystyrene (PS), etc.) , the mechanism of its spread in general and all of these types that are included in our daily life system as a product expelled continuously and/or frequently are 21 st century crisis as reported from United Nations in 2019, and especially after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. PW is a very serious issue that has negative and harmful effects on the ecosystem, beside; health and the economy through direct proportionality with the rate of increase in the state population, moreover, weak environmental awareness and Energy International Administration (EIA) towards this dangerous issue. The aim of the current survey study is to shed light on the importance of plastics in our daily life needs for food packaging, single-use personal protective equipment's, laboratory tests, etc... PW problems by knowing the chemical composition, components, uses, and harms, as well as knowing the possibility of benefiting from these wastes within the solid waste management system (MSW / Municipal). By providing some suggestions that helps reduce the harm of this waste either recycling or disposal. This study will also include approximate theoretical equations to calculate the percentage of PW in particular at Maysan governorate, Iraq; because we haven't any physical mechanism at the operational level that deals with waste sorting, especially PW; as these statistics generally depend on the official information published by the competent authority about the total amount of waste presented at the governorate level.

S EVERAL parameters have been studied in this manuscript to investigate the effect of certain conditions on the removal and the decolorization of the textile dyes: reactive yellow 14 (RY 14) and reactive green (RG) dyes from aqueous solution. Parameters such as temperature, initial concentration of dye and initial pH were taken into consideration to reach the perfect removal and decolorization for both dyes. This work was achieved in both dark and photoreaction processes. In dark reaction, the type of adsorption was determined based on Gibb's free energy values, activation energies and change in enthalpies, which were found that the physical adsorption for removal of both dyes is predominated, and the reaction is exothermic. The adsorption capacity and percentage of removal both dyes elevated with raised the dye concentration. The best initial pH for removal of RY 14 and RG dyes dyes was conducted and found equal to 5.14 and 9.75 respectively. The raised in temperature is not enhanced the adsorption process, that due to the dark reaction for both dye is exothermic. The small negative values of change in entropies are proved the associative mechanism of both dyes on ZnO surface. On the other hand, the results under the percent UV-light showed, that the optimal conditions were found at 303.15 K, with 25 ppm and optimum pH=11.01 for reactive green(RG) dye, while the optimum conditions were appearing at 50 ppm and best pH= 6.075 for reactive yellow 14 at same temperature. The decolorization process for both studied dyes was found to be a pseudo-first-order kinetic, fast (low activation energies), endothermic reaction (positive change in enthalpies), non-spontaneous (positive change Gibbs free energies) and less random (negative change in entropies). The photoreaction is a completed to removal process to depress the toxicity for these studied textiles dyes.

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