Industrial fermentation processes are increasingly popular, and are considered an important technological asset for reducing our dependence on chemicals and products produced from fossil fuels. However, despite their increasing popularity, fermentation processes have not yet reached the same maturity as traditional chemical processes, particularly when it comes to using engineering tools such as mathematical models and optimization techniques. This perspective starts with a brief overview of these engineering tools. However, the main focus is on a description of some of the most important engineering challenges: scaling up and scaling down fermentation processes, the influence of morphology on broth rheology and mass transfer, and establishing novel sensors to measure and control insightful process parameters. The greatest emphasis is on the challenges posed by filamentous fungi, because of their wide applications as cell factories and therefore their relevance in a White Biotechnology context. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is introduced as a promising tool that can be used to support the scaling up and scaling down of bioreactors, and for studying mixing and the potential occurrence of gradients in a tank.
A rotating
bed reactor (RBR) has been modeled using computational
fluid dynamics (CFD). The flow pattern in the RBR was investigated
and the flow through the porous material in it was quantified. A simplified
geometry representing the more complex RBR geometry was introduced
and the simplified model was able to reproduce the main characteristics
of the flow. Alternating reactor shapes were investigated, and it
was concluded that the use of baffles has a very large impact on the
flows through the porous material. The simulations suggested, therefore,
that even faster reaction rates could be achieved by making the baffles
deeper. Two-phase simulations were performed, which managed to reproduce
the deflection of the gas–liquid interface in an unbaffled
system. A chemical reaction was implemented in the model, describing
the ion-exchange phenomena in the porous material using four different
Sherwood number correlations. The simulations were overall in good
agreement with experimental data.
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