With the proposal of the two-carbon goal, energy conservation and emission reduction will become the focus of China’s energy system in the future for a long time to come. The establishment of a complete and efficient carbon traceability system will play an important role in promoting carbon emission reduction in the power system. Based on blockchain, this paper uses the consensus mechanism, time stamp, decentralization features, smart contract and other functions of blockchain, combined with the power flow calculation and the characteristics related to carbon emission and active power of the generator set, to obtain the corresponding carbon emission intensity of the generator set and carbon flow rate. It realizes the calculation and tracing of carbon emission flow in power distribution network and ensures the reliability of carbon traceability results, high efficiency of information transmission and transparency of traceability process. Firstly, based on the characteristics of the master-slave multi-chain structure in the consortium chain, In this paper, high-voltage substation nodes are the main chain nodes, and carbon flow tracing and calculation are carried out for the associated low-voltage substations, and the information of high-voltage or low-voltage substation nodes is guaranteed to be tamper-free through the hash anchoring method. The master-slave multi-chain model adopted in this paper is that the main chain adopts EA-DPoS (Evaluation and Agent-DPoS) algorithm, the slave chain adopts improved PBFT algorithm, and the comprehensive evaluation and reward and punishment mechanism are introduced to complete the consensus. Secondly, considering the security requirements of the power system data and the fact that some nodes of the distribution network do not have powerful computing resources comparable to those of the power grid company or major nodes, this paper encrypts and decrypts relevant data in the main chain node by combining the smart contract of blockchain. Meanwhile, cloud service providers with computing resources are responsible for generator power distribution combined with power flow calculation and carbon emission intensity calculation of the generator set. The power grid company adopts the cloud computing framework based on the double check mechanism to calculate the carbon flow rate while verifying the correct calculation results of the cloud service provider, and finally realizes the safe and accurate tracing of the carbon flow of the distribution network.
To improve the distributed carbon emission optimization control capability of the smart distribution network system, thereby reducing the carbon emissions in the distribution process, it is a very important issue to comprehensively analyze the importance of the node carbon emission flow of the smart distribution network. This paper transforms the power grid into a carbon emission flow network through power flow calculations: Based on the complex network theory, it determines the coupling scale of the two networks by means of the correlation coefficient method and the correlation matrix method, and establishes a coupling network model based on the carbon emission flow network; Combining the different business characteristics of carbon emission flow and information flow, an evaluation index system considering the dual-network coupling scale is established, and a multi-indicator comprehensive evaluation method that combines the Topsis and grey relational analysis method, that can objectively evaluate indicators that contain subjective components was proposed; The obtained node importance values can be used to determine the relative key line, greater sum node importance values represent a greater carbon emission impact of the line, providing a sequential basis for the carbon reduction and restructuring of the distribution network; Taking the 3-machine 9-node system as an example, the carbon flow distribution in the corresponding network is calculated, and the comprehensive importance value of the coupling node is calculated to analyze the rationality of this method.
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