Problems using straw directly include the contamination of germs on the straw from the previous crop. Alternatives that can be done are giving inoculant of biological decomposers The purpose of the research to test isolates decomposer in the rate of straw decomposition in soil and to test isolates biofertilizer on rice plants in soil treated straw compost. Greenhouse experiment was conducted for selecting isolates and formulations decomposer consortium and biological agents as well as the selection and formulation of biological fertilizers isolates. This experiment was consisted of treatments, i.e. incubation time composting (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) and inoculant (formulation A containing microbes T. harzianum, Bacillus subtililis, Cytophaga sp. and Bacillus licheniformis; i2 = Formulation B containing microbes B. subtililis, Cytophaga sp., and B. licheniformis, Streptomyces sp.) The field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of straw compost and biofertilizer inoculants (nitrogen fixation bacteria and phosphate solubilizing bacteria) on rice. Research at this stage using split plot experimental design was repeated three times. The main plot was the doses of straw compost + biofertilizer consisting of 8 treatments (0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 t ha -1 without and with biofertilizer 400 g ha -1 ). The subplot was doses of inorganic fertilizer N, P and K consisting of 5 levels (100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60% of recommendations dosages). The results showed that the A formulation containing T. harzianum, B. subtililis, Cytophaga sp. and B. Licheniformis whereas B formulation contains B. subtililis, Cytophaga sp., and B. Licheniformis, Streptomyces sp. B formulation capable of decomposing straw is better than A formulation. Application of straw compost and biofertilizer (5,0 t ha -1 + 400 g ha -1 ) could increase the yield of rice to 13.3% and substitute 20% of inorganic fertilizer (N, P and K).
ABSTRAK.Dalam usaha budidaya kentang dijumpai berbagai kendala yang menekan produktivitas tanaman. Salah satu kendala yang paling penting yaitu patogen tular-tanah yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa patogen ini dapat menimbulkan kehilangan hasil tanaman kentang 40-100%. Salah satu alternatif yang paling prospektif dalam mengendalikan R. solanacearum ialah dengan mengaplikasikan mikrob antagonis yang diisolasi dari alam. Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, dan Trichoderma harzianum merupakan mikrob antagonis yang mampu mengendalikan patogen yang terbawa tanah sampai 70% dan mampu meningkatkan produksi tanaman sampai 40%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi kompatibilitas mikrob antagonis dan dapat mengendalikan R. solanacearum pada tanaman kentang. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fitopatologi Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, dan Laboratorium Bakteriologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Desember 2009. Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh dua nomor isolat bakteri yaitu P. fluorescens yang diisolasi dari rizosfer krisan, Segunung (Pf2), B. subtilis berasal dari IPB (Bs 12), dan satu isolat T. harzianum berasal dari Universitas Gadjah Mada (Th 1) kompatibel pada media yang banyak mengandung protein (King's B), tetapi tidak kompatibel pada media yang banyak mengandung karbohidrat (potato dextrose agar). Indikatornya ialah indeks kompatibilitas ≤1. Aplikasi B. subtilis secara tunggal merupakan perlakuan yang paling efektif mengendalikan R. solanacearum pada kentang. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan oleh persentase penekanan perlakuan tersebut paling besar (35,27%) bila dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, kecuali perlakuan gabungan antara Bs 12, Pf 2, dan Th 1 yang sama-sama menunjukkan persentase penekanan sebesar 35,27%. Among the vegetable crops cultivated by farmers, potato is the most important one. In cultivating the crop, farmers has faced many problems, the most important one is wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum E. F. Smith. Based on the available data known that the disease reduces 40-100% of the total production. One of the alternative methods control which was more environmentally friendly applied by the use of antagonistic microbes isolated from the soil. Bacillus subtilis, P. fluorescens, and T. harzianum were abundance in the soil and easily be isolated from rhizosfer. The bacteria are reported to be effective to control soilborn pathogens in the field. Based on the preliminary research proven that the bacteria could reduce 70% of the total soilborn pathogens in the soil and increase crop production up to 40%. The objective of this study was to determine information of compatibilities between antagonistic microbe and bacterial wilt which had control on potato. The research were conducted in Laboratory and Greenhouse of the Padjadjaran University, Indonesian Vegetable Research In...
http://www.eje.cz unfriendly broad-spectrum insecticides. Intensive use of insecticides has a negative effect on environmental sustainability, pest resistance, resurgence, outbreaks of secondary pests and extinction of non-target insects, such as natural enemies and pollinating insects (Aktar et al., 2009; Noor Farehan et al., 2013; Becker & Liess, 2015). Therefore, several methods of biological control focusing on the rearing and releasing of natural enemies for suppressing defoliator pests are regarded as more effi cient than using insecticides as it costs less and there are fewer social and ecological problems (Garcia & Ricalde, 2013; van Zyl & Malan, 2014; Tomson et al., 2017). Reduviid predators are polyphagous and important natural enemies of several defoliating pests (Sahayaraj, 2014). Sycanus is a predacious reduviid that has a wide prey diet including several orders of insects, such as both the larvae and pupae of Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Diptera (Sahayaraj & Balasubramanian, 2016) and is considered to have the potential to be a biological control agent. Several species of Sycanus have been studied as biological control agents of the defoliator pests in oil palm plantations
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