At the University of Vienna Department of Orthopaedics, 26 feet in 21 patients were treated with a basal osteotomy for hallux valgus associated with metatarsus primus varus. In 85% of the cases, a satisfactory result was achieved. Critical analysis revealed shortening of the first metatarsal and elevation of its head, which resulted in excess lateral straining of the foot and metatarsalgia. In 15 cases, osteoarthritis in the metatarsocuneiform joint was also increased. Given these results, an osteotomy that prevents shortening of the first metatarsal and elevation of the head of the first metatarsal, or one that takes these facts into account, seems ideal.
Bilateral recurrent nerve palsies were induced in four sheep and unilateral nerve palsy in one sheep. Vocal cord abductions were achieved by direct electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles (PCMs). By means of the diaphragmatic myogram, respiratory synchronous activation of the glottis opening musculature was shown possible. In all cases an adequate glottis opening for respiratory function was achieved during a maximum period of stimulation of 5-8 h in each animal. Abductor movements of the vocal cords were documented with video laryngoscopy. Using digital image processing, the areas of the open glottis were measured at rest and during bilateral direct electrical stimulation of the PCMs.
Bilateral stress fractures of the scaphoid bones in a gymnast are reported and discussed with special consideration of the possible differential diagnoses; bipartite scaphoid and pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid bone. The relevance of the mechanical factors involved and the abduction and dorsiflexion of the wrist in gymnastics are suggested as likely pathomechanisms.
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