Efforts to increase soybean productivity must be synergy with the improvement of soil fertility through fertilizer, especially organic fertilizer. Population density of a crop determines to a greater extent its performance in terms of soybean yield. Based on the two cultivation techniques mention above, that is expected to increase soybean productivity. The objective of this research was to obtain organic fertilizer and plant spacing that can support the development of early-medium maturity soybean (Lokal Jateng soybean lines/Sinabung-1036) to achieve 3 ton dry seed per hectare. The research was conducted at Alfisol soil Muneng Station Research, Probolinggo and at Entisol soil Genteng Station Research, Banyuwangi on dry season (DS) 2012. The experiment used split plot design with three replications. As the main plot was plant spacing, namely: 1) 40 cm x 10 cm, 2 plants/hole, 2) 40 cm x 15 cm, 2 plants/hole, 3) 40 cm x 20 cm, 1 plant/hole, and 4) 40 cm x 20 cm, 2 plants/hole. As the sub plot were four doses and types of organic fertilizer, namely: 1) without organic fertilizer, 2) 2.5 t manure/ha, 3) 5 t manure/ha, and 4) 2 t Santap NM-2/ha. The result showed that the potential yield of 3 t/ha for large, early-medium maturity soybean could not be achieved at Alfisol soil Probolinggo and at Entisol soil Banyuwangi by planting soybean of Lokal Jateng soybean lines/Sinabung-1036 with plant spacing 40 cm x 10-20 cm, 1-2 plants/hole and application of 2.5-5 t manure/ha or 2 t Santap NM-2/ha.

Application of organic fertilizer can maintain and improve physical, chemical, and biological soil fertility and plant productivity. However, the use of manure requires a long time and a relatively large amount to have a positive impact on the soil and plants. In this regard, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the application of organic fertilizer and NPK inorganic fertilizer on soybean in lowland Vertisol. The study was conducted in lowland Vertisols in Ngawi and Madiun. The experiment used a randomized block design with three replications, with combination treatments of cow and chicken manure, Santap NM1 and NM2 fertilizer, and Phonska. The soybean seed used in this research was Local Central Java/Sinabung-1036 soybean line. The results showed that in lowland Vertisol of Ngawi which is rich in P element, application of 5,000 kg of cow manure/ha, 3,000 kg of chicken manure/ha, 1,500-2,500 kg/ha Santap NM1 and NM2 fertilizers, and 300 kg of Phonska/ha is not required. The yield of Local Central Java/Sinabung-1036 soybean line reached 1.95 t/ha. The lowland Vertisol of Madiun which has poor P element requires the addition of 5,000 kg of cow manure/ha, 1,500-2,500 kg/ha of Santap NM2 fertilizer, and 150 kg of Phonska/ha to increase soybean yield by 21-27% (0.42-0.55 t/ha). The quality and productivity of soil and crop cultivation in sustainable agriculture can be maintained by alternative recommendations for the use of organic and inorganic fertilizer inputs.

Its early maturity and drought resistance allows mungbean to be cultivated on upland with dry climate. Approriate cultivation technology need to be identified in order to increase productivity. The research objective was to formulate cultivation technology package by assessing interaction between plant population, optimum organic and anorganic fertilizers on mungbean. This experiment was conducted on upland Alfisol soil with type E climate in Probolinggo, East Java on dry season 2015, using split plot design, with three replications. As the main plot was plant spacing, namely: 1) 40 cm x 10 cm, 1 plant/hole, 2) 40 cm x 15 cm, 2 plants/ hole, and 3) 40 cm x 20 cm, 2 plants/hole. As the sub plot was combination of organic and anorganic fertilizers, namely: 1) without fertilizer, 2) 50 kg ZA + 50 kg SP36 + 100 kg KCl/ha, 3) 150 kg Phonska/ha, 4) 5 ton manure/ha, and 5) 75 kg Phonska + 2,5 ton manure/ha. Medium dose of NPK fertilizer (22,5 kg N + 22,5 kg P 2 O 5 + 22,5 kg K 2 O + 15 kg S) per ha and plant population of 250.000 until 333.333 plant per ha, was considered suitable to grow mungbean at upland with dry climates, based on the obtained yield. While low dose of NPK fertilizer (11,3 kg N + 11,3 kg P 2 O 5 + 11,3 kg K 2 O + 7,5 kg S) plus 2.500 kg manure/ha was capable of producing high biomass of mungbean up to 3,2 kg/ha.

The objective of this research was to determine the residual effect of fertilizer and former plant spacing of mungbean first planting on growth and yield of cowpea second planting in a dry land. The experiment was conducted at Muneng Research Field, Probolinggo, East Java during dry season in 2015. The cowpea seeds of KT 5 varieties were planted in plots measuring 4 m x 4,5 m with plant spacing of 40 cm x 15 cm, 2 plants/hole. This research was carried out without adding fertilizer (fertilizer application only given on mungbean planting). This experiment was laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times. Plant spacing of mungbean as the main plot, namely 1) former of 40 cm x 10 cm, 1 plant/hole (J1); 2) former of 40 cm x 15 cm, 2 plants/hole (J2); and 3) former of 40 cm x 20 cm, 2 plants/hole (J3). Residual combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers as the sub plot, namely 1) former without fertilizer (R0); 2) former of 50 kg ZA + 50 kg SP-36 + 100 kg KCl/ha (R1); 3) former of 150 kg Phonska/ha (R2); 4) former of 5000 kg organic fertilizer/ha (R3); and 5) former of 75 kg Phonska + 2500 kg organic fertilizer/ha (R4). The results showed that the cultivation of cowpea with R3 and R4 treatments had effects on shoot and roots dry weights. The highest cowpea yield was obtained with J3 and R4 treatment of 1,62 t/ha and the highest biomass was obtained with J3 treatment of 5,92 t/ha, but statistically not significantly different from the other treatments. Keywords: cowpea, dry land, residual fertilizer

Abstract. Lestari SAD, Sutrisno, Kuntyastuti H. 2017. Short Communication: Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers application on the early-medium maturing soybean yield. Nusantara Bioscience 10: 1-5. Efforts to increase soybean productivity can be made with the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Large amounts of organic fertilizer are required to give a positive impact on soybean yield. However, this practice is deemed inefficient in terms procurement and transportation, making farmers less interested. The addition of inorganic fertilizer or the use of nutrient-rich organic fertilizer (Santap NM2) is among the solutions. The objective of this research was to formulate management techniques for organic and inorganic fertilizers application on the early-medium maturing soybean line, Lokal Jateng/Sinabung-1036, to achieve the soybean's maximum potential yield. The research was conducted on Alfisols at Muneng Research Station, Probolinggo, and Vertisols at Ngale Research Station, Ngawi, in the dry season of 2012. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design with factorial, with three replications. The first factor was four doses of organic fertilizer and the second factor was four combination doses of ZA, SP-36, and KCl fertilizers. On the Alfisols of Probolinggo, Lokal Jateng/Sinabung-1036 soybean did not require additional inorganic fertilizers to achieve a yield of 2.71 t/ha, whereas on the Vertisols of Ngawi, Lokal Jateng/Sinabung-1036 soybean need 2 t /ha Santap NM2 to increase its yield from 2.60 t/ha to 2.81 t/ha.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemupukan pada empat varietas kacang hijau di tanah masam ultisol dan residunya bagi tanaman kacang tunggak. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Aneka Kacang dan Umbi (Balitkabi), Malang, Jawa Timur pada bulan November 2014April 2015. Dua penelitian dilakukan secara berurutan, pertanaman pertama adalah empat varietas kacang hijau dan pertanaman kedua adalah kacang tunggak yang menggunakan media tanam bekas kacang hijau, tanpa tambahan pupuk. Penelitian disusun dalam Rancangan Petak Terpisah, diulang tiga kali. Pada pertanaman pertama, kacang hijau dijadikan petak utama, yaitu Kenari (V1), Murai (V2), Kutilang (V3), dan Vima 1 (V4). Dosis pupuk sebagai anak petak, yaitu tanpa pemupukan atau kontrol (P0), 300 kg Phonska/ha (P1), 1500 kg pupuk kandang sapi/ha (P2), 3000 kg pupuk kandang sapi/ha (P3), dan 5000 kg pupuk kandang sapi/ha (P4). Kacang tunggak varietas KT 4 digunakan pada pertanaman kedua, dengan desain percobaan mengikuti pertanaman pertama. Hasil penelitian pertama menunjukkan bahwa pertum-buhan antar varietas kacang hijau relatif sama pada tanah masam ultisol dan produksi dapat meningkat pada pemupukan 300 kg Phonska/ha dan 3000 kg pupuk kandang sapi/ha. Pertumbuhan kacang tunggak menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada kedua pupuk tersebut yang mengindikasikan adanya residu pupuk dari pertanaman pertama.

<p>Peluang peningkatan produksi kacang hijau di Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) masih terbuka luas walaupun ditemui adanya faktor pembatas dalam pengembangannya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan kacang hijau secara teknis dan sosial ekonomi, serta menyusun model dan strategi pengembangannya berdasarkan posisi peta bisnisnya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei menggunakan pendekatan PRA dan pengambilan sampel secara ‘purposive’. Pengolahan data dengan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kacang hijau potensial dikembangkan di Sumba Timur, tetapi terdapat kendala faktor internal dan eksternal (lingkungan). Potensi pengembangan kacang hijau di Sumba Timur ditunjukkan oleh faktor penguat berupa teknologi budi daya yang telah tersedia dan kesesuaian lahan untuk bertanam kacang hijau yang merupakan pengaruh internal usahatani. Pengaruh eksternal yang mendukung pengembangan kacang hijau adalah faktor peluang terdiri atas harga kacang hijau dan permintaan pasar yang tinggi. Selain itu juga ditemukan kelemahan pada faktor internal seperti produktivitas rendah, modal terbatas, kelompok tani pasif dan rasa puas petani dengan kehidupan yang ada (petani ‘laggard’). Pengaruh eksternal yang berpeluang menghambat pengembangan kacang hijau adalah rendahnya infrastruktur, kelangkaan tenaga kerja, serangan hama dan adanya tanaman kompetitor, misalnya jagung. Dengan menganalisis data yang diperoleh, disusun strategi dan prospek pengembangan kacang hijau pada kondisi skala usaha menguntungkan. Strategi jangka pendek yang dapat dilakukan adalah strategi (S-O), yaitu peningkatan kapasitas hasil melalui pengelolaan intensif menggunakan teknologi baru (varietas dan teknik budi daya). Model yang sesuai untuk pengembangan kacang hijau di Sumba Timur NTT adalah model pengembangan kawasan usahatani kacang hijau berbasis korporasi.<br /><br /></p>

Di Indonesia, kacang hijau umumnya dibudidayakan setelah kedelai dan kacang tanah. Kacang hijau memiliki peran strategis karena memiliki keunggulan agronomis dan ekonomis. Budidaya kacang hijau di lahan salin dengan karakteristik salinitas tinggi dapat berpengaruh  terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dan produksi kacang hijau serta pendapatan usahatani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan daya saing dan dampak ekonomi usahatani kacang hijau di lahan salin. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Gesik Harjo, Kecamatan Palang, Kabupaten Tuban pada bulan Maret 2020. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi deskripsi usahatani kacang hijau, pendapatan serta daya saing usahatani kacang hijau dan tanaman pangan lain di lokasi penelitian. Salinitas lahan di Desa Gesik Harjo berdampak terhadap produktivitas lahan sehingga menyebabkan penurunan hasil panen kacang hijau sebesar 55-61%. Hal ini berakibat pada penurunan pendapatan usahatani kacang hijau sampai 50% bila dibandingkan dengan usahatani kacang tanah, dengan B/C ratio 0,9 dan daya saing lebih rendah. Namun, dengan B/C ratio mendekati 1 dan harga kacang hijau di pasaran cukup tinggi, daya saing kacang hijau di Gesik Harjo berpeluang untuk ditingkatkan apabila produksinya meningkat. Beberapa upaya yang dapat dilakukan, antara lain peningkatan kapasitas petani dalam pengelolaan lahan salin, penggunaan varietas unggul toleran salin dan penerapan perbaikan teknik budidaya kacang hijau.<br /><br />