Integrated project delivery (IPD) is a new emerging delivery system, contributes to increase value to the owner, reduces waste and maximizes efficiency in the life cycle of projects. However, IPD system has not yet shifted from pilot-alike or particular-purposed cases to large-scale applications.The huge advantages of building information modeling (BIM) are far from being exploited, which directly leads to the delivered outcomes below expectations, thereby causing obstacles to widespread application of IPD system. The reasons impeding the successful application of BIM has been a hot topic. Previous studies suggested that moral hazard behavior is a critical inducer leading to the undesirable outcomes. However, very few studies have studied the evolution mechanism of moral hazard behavior for BIM application. To fill this knowledge gap, this study proposed a novel model, aiming to capture dynamically the interactive behavior of BIM-based strategy selections using evolutionary game theory. Five parameters of monitoring cost, proprietary cost, incentive payment, punishment and speculative benefit are extracted and defined in the proposed model. Numerical simulations are conducted with MATLAB 2016a. The simulation results showed that when incentive payment is higher than the sum of speculative benefit and proprietary cost, interactive behavior of both game players will move toward the optimal portfolio strategy. Incentive payment and punishment have negative correlations with the probability of moral hazard behavior for BIM application. Parameters of speculative benefit and proprietary cost affect positively implementation probability of moral hazard behavior of employing BIM. This study can provide theoretical and managerial implications for integrated project managers and related government department to improve implementation of BIM and IPD system, and also contribute to its sustainable development.
Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) has become increasingly popular in the architecture, engineering, and construction industries. However, the current practice status by the construction industry fails to deliver the desired results. In that backdrop, how to promote cooperation within and improve the overall performance of integrated project team has received wide attention. Herein, knowledge-sharing plays a critical role in cooperation and overall performance. However, to the best of our knowledge, the research on knowledge-sharing strategy interaction and evolutionary mechanism is rare. To make up for the deficiency of the studies existing, a novel model is proposed by taking advantage of evolutionary game theory, to capture the interaction behavior of knowledge-sharing and explore its evolutionary mechanism. Six parameters of knowledge stock, knowledge-sharing degree, heterogeneous knowledge proportion, synergy effect, knowledge absorption coefficient, and knowledge-sharing cost efficient that are critical to knowledge-sharing are extracted and defined. The payoff matrix is constructed by analyzing the benefits and costs of knowledge-sharing. Then, a replicator dynamic system is established based on payoff matrix, to determine the evolutionary tendency of knowledge-sharing behavior. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to explore the influences of all parameters on the knowledge-sharing strategy. The findings in this research reveal that strategy interaction behavior is significantly influenced by proportion of strategy of choosing to share knowledge in both game players. The authors also find that strategy interaction behavior has a strong negative correlation with knowledge-sharing cost efficient, but has a positive correlation with knowledge stock, heterogeneous knowledge proportion, degree of knowledge-sharing, knowledge absorption coefficient, and synergetic effect coefficient. This research can provide the evolutionary mechanism and broaden our understanding of relationship between project performance and knowledge-sharing and can offer valuable guidance on improving cooperation and performance of project teams.
Pavement management, which is vital in road transportation and maintenance, is facing some troubles, such as high costs of labors and machineries, low detecting efficiency, and low update rate of pavement conditions by means of traditional detection ways. Benefiting from the development of mobile communication, mobile computing, and mobile sensing techniques, the intelligence of mobile crowd sensing (MCS), which mainly relies on ubiquitous mobile smart devices in people’s daily lives, has overcome the above drawbacks to a large extent as one new effective and simple measure for pavement management. As a platform for data collection, processing, and visualization, a common smart device can utilize inertial sensor data, photos, videos, subjective reports, and location information to involve the public in pavement anomalies detection. This paper systematically reviewed the studies in this field from 2008 to 2018 to establish an overall knowledge. Through literature collection and screening, a database of studies was set up for analysis. As a result, the year profile of publications and distribution of research areas indicate that there has been a constant attention from researchers in various disciplines. Meanwhile, the distribution of research topic shows that inertial sensors embedded in smartphones have been the most popular data source. Therefore, the process of pavement anomalies detection based on inertial data was reviewed in detail, including preparatory, data collection, and processing phases of the previous experiments. However, some of the key issues in the experimental phases were investigated by previous studies, while some other challenges were not tackled or noticed. Hence, the challenges in both experiment and implementation stages were discussed to improve the studies and practice. Furthermore, several directions for future research are summarized from the main issues and challenges to offer potential opportunities for more relevant research studies and applications in pavement management.
An effective evaluation model for safety appraisal of existing concrete members plays a significant role in promoting the management of an existing building. is study aims to introduce extension theory into the safety appraisal of existing concrete members based on five indices (bearing capacity, deflection-to-span ratio, cracks, reinforcement corrosion, and concrete carbonation depth) and inspection data. A matter-element model is established for the safety appraisal of existing concrete members based on matter-element theory. e safety appraisal rating is identified by the comprehensive correlation degrees, which can be calculated by the weights and single-index correlation degrees of the five indices. Owing to the one-sidedness in the singleweighting method, a comprehensive weighting method integrating the merits of subjective weight and objective weight is adopted based on game theory. e interval analytic hierarchy process (IAHP) and entropy weight method are, respectively, used to determine the subjective and objective weight of each index. It was found that the subjective weight vector calculated by IAHP consists of interval numbers. erefore, the traditional comprehensive weighting method based on game theory needs to be improved by the interval number theory. A comparison analysis between the results generated by the proposed model and an analytic hierarchy process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is conducted. e results show that the matter-element extension model based on comprehensive weight is more accurate and rational. e proposed model makes full use of inspection data and gives a clear safety level to decision makers avoiding disorganized data of a single index. Hence, it can serve as guidance for safety appraisal of existing concrete members in the future. Furthermore, the improved comprehensive weighting method has practical merits and high scientific value in terms of safety evaluation and other applications in different research fields.
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