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Objective. We aimed to investigate the protective effect of s-nitrosoglutathione (SNG) pretreatment on acute kidney injury (AKI) in septic rats. Methods. We constructed a rat model of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture and observed the survival of the rats. We obtained kidney and blood samples from rats, observed the pathological damage to the kidney tissues, and evaluated kidney function and the expression levels of inflammatory factors. We also detected the expression of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the kidneys by immunohistochemistry and evaluated the apoptosis of kidney tubular epithelial cells (KTEC) by TUNEL. Results. Pretreatment with SNG significantly reduced the mortality of septic rats, attenuated kidney pathological damage, and decreased the levels of serum creatinine, plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and plasma kidney injury molecule-1. Moreover, SNG pretreatment decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum and kidney and reduced the expressions of NO, iNOS, PGE2, and COX-2 in the kidneys. Furthermore, pretreatment with SNG significantly reduced the apoptotic rate of KTEC and decreased the levels of caspase-3 and Bax mRNA, but increased the level of Bcl-2 mRNA. Conclusion. Pretreatment with SNG has a protective effect on AKI in septic rats, and the specific mechanisms are related to inhibition of inflammation, oxidation, and apoptosis.

Objective We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of microRNA-155 (miR-155) for acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with sepsis. Methods In this prospective study, we used Spearman correlation analysis to investigate relationships between miR-155 expression and inflammatory factors, oxygenation ratio (PaO2/FiO2), and ALI/ARDS score, and used area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AU-ROC) to evaluate miR-155's diagnostic accuracy for ALI/ARDS in patients with sepsis. Results In total, 156 patients with sepsis were enrolled in our study, of which 41 had ALI and 32 had ARDS. miR-155 expression in plasma of patients with sepsis and ALI/ARDS was significantly higher than that of patients with sepsis but no ALI/ARDS. The miR-155 level in patients with sepsis and ALI/ARDS was positively correlated with interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and ALI/ARDS score, but negatively correlated with PaO2/FiO2. The AU-ROC of plasma miR-155 for diagnosis of sepsis with ALI/ARDS was 0.87, and plasma miR-155, IL-1β, and TNF-α had high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of sepsis with ALI/ARDS. Conclusion miR-155 is highly expressed in plasma of patients with septic ALI/ARDS; it is positively correlated with lung function and can be used for early diagnosis.

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