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Construct validities are assessed for three simple-to-compute, unweighted, SIC-based continuous diversifi cation measures and a recently proposed two-dimensional, SIC-based categorical diversification measure. Two of the three continuous measures are found to correspond strongly to Rumelt's categorical measures, suggesting that these two objective and easy-to-calculate measures are better suited for large sample, strategy research than has previously been assumed.No support is found for the two-dimensional measure.

This paper examines the impact of leadership on organizational ambidexterity and employee psychological safety based on a sample of 105 global acquisitions of emerging market multinationals. The findings suggest that, compared to the transactional and laissez faire ones, the charismatic leadership style is more significantly related with organizational ambidexterity and employee psychological safety. The results also suggest that transactional leadership is more positively related to ambidexterity and employee psychological safety than 2 laissez faire leadership. In addition, organizational ambidexterity is directly and positively associated with employee psychological safety. The implications of these results for both research and practice are discussed in the paper.

and Key Results• This focused issue underscores the growing importance of service sector in the global economy and attempts to fill in the lacunae of research in internationalization of service industries. We stress the need for more systematic research both at the conceptual and empirical level to extend the frontiers of knowledge on service multinationals. Given the rising importance of service sector, it is imperative that international business scholars examine the internationalization of service firms in both developed and developing nations. • The focused issue presents papers that delve into different aspects on service multinationals, namely surveying recent academic work on non-manufacturing sector, internationalization and performance, determinants of exports for service firms, regional versus global strategies for service firms, offshoring propensity in information technology industry, and value transformation model for location-intensive and information-intensive software services. Each paper offers a distinct insight into the services sector.

and Key Results• This study surveys recent work, published in four International Business journals, that has focused on the non-manufacturing sector which includes the 'services' sector. It documents the nature of scholarship in this area, identifies opportunities for future work, highlights some important challenges of undertaking such work, and suggest a few starting points for a more systematic study of this vital sector of the economy. • Our findings highlight a largely barren academic landscape vis-à-vis recent academic work pertaining to the non-manufacturing sector in general and services sector per se in particular. Therein lies a monumental opportunity for our discipline as a whole.