The contribution of vehicle emissions to air pollution is considered a large environmental and health problem in big Brazilian cities caused, among others, by slow renewal of the old vehicle fleet. Brazilian studies usually only consider traffic-related issues in transportation analysis, with minor assessments of emissions and close to non-existent assessment of air quality. On this background, this research aimed to calibrate and evaluate the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM ® ) to Brazilian conditions by implementing Brazilian emission factors. The urban background concentrations were modelled with the Urban Background Model (UBM) as part of the air quality system (THOR -AirPAS). In this case, we used meteorological data from a ground meteorological station outside Fortaleza processed by meteorological pre-processor and regional background concentrations from the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) as input to UBM.New air quality measurements were collected in busy streets of the city of Fortaleza during the year of 2017. The study collected samples of daily NO2 and PM10 concentrations to evaluate OSPM daily estimations. In addition, a transportation travel demand model (TRANUS) has been calibrated to the case study area with observed traffic data collected, in order to provide Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) as inputs to OSPM ® . Two sets of emission factors were evaluated. Official Brazilian emission factors were applied to OSPM ® , as well as adjusted emission factors derived in the project based on calibration that were higher than the official emission factors. Data showed that concentrations are significantly influenced by meteorological factors (such as temperature, wind speeds, wind directions), and especially precipitation for PM10 concentrations. OSPM ® simulated results showed concentration levels and patterns close to air quality measurements with default emission factors and calibrated emission for UBM but large underestimations if official emissions were used for both UBM and OSPM.
Resumo: O presente artigo insere-se no estudo das emissões de poluentes atmosféricos provenientes do tráfego de veículos transportadores de carga em áreas urbanas. A motivação desta pesquisa deve-se ao fato de que as análises de emissões são, geralmente, realizadas de maneira estática, não representando com adequada precisão o comportamento das emissões geradas em um percurso comum. Assim, buscou-se construir um procedimento de coleta de emissões capaz de ser aplicada com o veículo em movimento, considerando as particularidades dos poluentes provenientes de motores ciclo diesel, comumente utilizados em veículos de carga. Para tal, um sistema formado por equipamentos já existentes e outros desenvolvidos na pesquisa foi proposto. Tal sistema é capaz de realizar, de maneira embarcada, a coleta dos poluentes liberados no escapamento enquanto o veículo realiza normalmente sua operação e seus movimentos, sobretudo considerando os principais poluentes advindos de motores a diesel, como NOx e Materiais Particulados. Os dados coletados indicam que a legislação em vigor não está sendo respeitada em termos de Material Particulado, cujo valor coletado está acima da referência.Palavras-chave: Emissões veiculares; veículos de carga; coleta dinâmica.Abstract: This article is inserted on the study of emissions of air pollutants from the freight transport vehicles traffic in urban areas. The motivation for this research is due to the fact that the emission analyzes are generally performed in static state, not representing with adequate accuracy the behavior of emissions generated in a common path. Thus, was attempted to build an emission collection procedures that could be applied to the moving vehicle, considering the particularities of pollutants from diesel engines, commonly used in cargo trucks. For such, a system made up of existing equipment and other developed in the research was proposed. Such system is capable of performing, shipped on vehicle, the collection of pollutants released in the exhaust while the vehicle normally carries out its operations and movements, especially considering the major pollutants coming from diesel engines, such as NOx and Particulate Matter. The data collected indicate that the legislation is not being respected in terms of Particulate Matter, whose collected amount is above the reference.Keywords: Vehicle emissions; freight transport; dynamic collection. INTRODUÇÃODentre os desafios para as cidades, em termos de mobilidade, está a distribuição da carga urbana. Em vista desta problemática, Taniguchi et al (2001) afirmam que o transporte de carga é responsável por uma série de efeitos nocivos, que acarretam em impactos no tráfego, na infraestrutura, no consumo energético e no ambiente. No entanto, apesar de resultar em efeitos nocivos, os fatores ambientais não são amplamente considerados quando da proposição de políticas públicas que regulamentam a distribuição de carga em áreas urbanas.Dentre os poluentes atmosféricos emitidos pelos veí-culos, podem-se citar: óxidos de nitrogênio, compostos...
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