A young Burundian refugee farms his little plot on the edge of the Kashjowa village, Uganda. © UNHCR/Frederic Noy This case study looks at efforts by the international community to support the approaches adopted in Ethiopia and Uganda towards refugee self-reliance. It compares outcomes in the countries, with a specific focus on access to employment and business creation. The case study draws from a number of evaluations and recent reports. Refugees from South Sudan cross the border with Uganda at the Kaya River via a bridge built by UNHCR.

Analysis of cost, impacts and socioeconomic status of refugees and host communities 3.1. Economic impacts on refugees and their livelihoods 3.2. Macro and micro impacts on host countries and populations 3.3. Social sector situation of refugees and affected host communities-health and education 4. Protection analysis 4.1. Security and conflict spill-over threats and border restrictions 4.2. Lack of legal status and related risks (refoulement, detention, repeated displacement) 4.3. Abuses and vulnerability in camps and urban settings 4.4. Conclusions 5. Implementation and proposed fast-track interventions 5.1. Developing the evidence base on costs and impacts, and protection challenges 5.2. Costs and Impacts and Livelihoods 5.3. Social sector situation of refugees and affected host communities-health and education 5.4. Protection Appendix I Methodology Appendix II Schedule of reports DISCLAIMER The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the

Responding to Refugee cRises in developing countRies: what can we leaRn fRom evaluations ? i ForewordThe OECD Development Assistance Committee (DAC) has recognised that international co-operation and development assistance in relation to forced displacement, refugees, and migration need greater attention. In 2016, the DAC formed a Temporary Working Group on Refugees and Migration.This working paper provides evidence from evaluations to feed into guidance on better programming in refugee contexts that is being developed through the DAC Temporary Working Group. The paper draws from evaluation findings to highlight some of the key lessons and recommendations for positive change going forward. Key topics covered in the paper include: lessons on bridging the gap between humanitarian and development programming; efforts to strengthen international response to protracted crises; lessons on whole-of-government approaches in refugee contexts; learning from work in urban settings; improving access to employment and quality education; new financing mechanisms for refugee crises in middle income countries; and lessons on financing in response to the Syria crisis. The paper highlights the evaluation work of DAC members and aims to help strengthen the evidence base to improve response to situations of displacement in developing countries.Three cases studies (Afghanistan, South Sudan and Ethiopia/Uganda) complement the main paper and look at how policy objectives have been implemented in specific country contexts.

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