Ibuprofen is classified as a BCS class II drug which has low solubility and high permeability. We conducted the formation of the cocrystalline phase of ibuprofen with coformer nicotinamide to increase its solubility. The purpose of this study was to characterize the solid state of cocrystalline phase of ibuprofen-nicotinamide, determine the solubility, and evaluate its in vivo analgesic activity. The cocrystal of ibuprofen-nicotinamide was prepared by a slow evaporation method. The solid-state characterization was conducted by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis, differential thermal analysis (DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To investigate the in vivo analgesic activity, 28 male Swiss-Webster mice were injected with acetic acid 0.5% following oral administration of intact ibuprofen, physical mixture, and its cocrystalline phase with nicotinamide (equivalent to 26 mg/kg ibuprofen). The number of writhes was counted, and pain inhibition was calculated. All data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (95% confidence interval). The results revealed that a new cocrystalline phase was successfully formed. The solubility testing showed that the cocrystal formation enhanced the solubility significantly as compared with the physical mixture and intact ibuprofen. A significant increase in the analgesic activity of cocrystal ibuprofen-nicotinamide was also confirmed.

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Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) against T47D breast cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of ethanol extract was carried out by measuring the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase in living cells that have ability to convert dissolved MTT pale yellow to purple formazan product. The extract was added at various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg/ mL). The level of cytotoxicity was determined by calculating the IC50 value that was based on the percentage of the cell death after 24 hours treatment with the extract. Cell morphological changes were observed by using inverted microscope. Results: The IC50 value showed that ethanol extract of leaves of asam kandis could resist T47D breast cancer cells with IC 50 6.13 ± 3.51 µg/mL. The statistic results proved that ethanol extract of the leaves of asam kandis could inhibit the growth of T47D breast cancer cells significantly at concentrations of 10 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL. Conclusion:The results suggest that ethanol extract of the leaves of asam kandis was potential source of herbal medicine for cancer-related ailments. Key words:Asam kandis, Beast cancer, Cytotoxicity, Garcinia cowa Roxb, MTT Assay, T47D. SUMMARY• The IC 50 value of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb) is 6.13 ± 3.51 µg/ml towards T47D breast cancer cell line. The results suggested that ethanol extract of the leaves of G. cowa was potential source of herbal medicine for cancer-related ailments. PICTORIAL ABSTRACTAbbreviations used: MTT: [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide], IC: Inhibition of Concentration.

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Kinerja perawat merupakan faktor penentu dalam mutu pelayanan di sebuah rumah sakit, perawat akan selalu dituntut melakukan kinerjanya yaitu memberikan asuhan keperawatan secara optimal dan sesuai standar yang telah ditentukan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja adalah gaya kepemimpinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan gaya kepemimpinan dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana dalam menerapkan asuhan keperawatan di RSU Mayjend HA Thalib Kabupaten Kerinci. Desain penelitian deskriptif analitik, pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel adalah 101 perawat pelaksana di ruang rawat inap RSU Mayjend HA Thalib dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian adalah kinerja perawat pelaksana baik sebesar 67,3% dan didapatkan gaya kepemimpinan demokratis kuat sebesar 57,4%. Otokratik lemah 68,3%, partisipatif lemah sebesar 52,5% dan laisez faire lemah sebesar 69,3%. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara gaya kepemimpinan demokratik (p=0.001) dan otokratik (p=0,013)dengan kinerja perawat pelaksana menerapkan asuhan keperawatan di ruang rawat inap RSU Mayend HA Thalib Kabupaten Kerinci. Saran bagi pihak manajemen rumah sakit agar memberikan pelatihan tentang asuhan keperawatan kepada perawat pelaksana terutama pada tahap pengkajian dan evaluasi.