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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the inter-relations among the strength of investor protection institutions, earnings management (EM) and the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach As a proxy for EM, the authors use discretionary accruals measure, estimated using the modified Jones model (1991). As a proxy for the strength of investor protection institutions, the study uses the Investor Protection Index, extracted from the Global Competitiveness Reports. The sample consists of 5,519 firms listed in the Group of Twelve countries during 2015–2020. Findings The study shows that firms tend to engage less in EM during the pandemic period. The authors also find a significantly negative relation between the strength of investor protection institutions and EM practices, and interestingly, this negative relation was found to be more pronounced during the pandemic period. Research limitations/implications For investors and practitioners, the findings help get insights into the behavior of firms in response of the pandemic shock in countries with solid institutional and legal protection. For policymakers, the findings reaffirm the critical role that institutional incentives and reforms can play, in influencing firms to exert more efforts to promote their financial reporting quality. Originality/value To the best of our knowledge, the study is one of the first attempts to examine the link between EM practices and investor protection during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings extend both the literature on the role of institutional factors in promoting the earnings quality and the literature on COVID-19’s effect on firm performance and practices.

This paper examines how the COVID-19 pandemic affects corporate dividend policy. Utilizing a sample of 8889 firms listed in the G-12 countries, the findings show that although the proportion of dividend cuts and omissions is significantly higher during the pandemic, yet the majority of firms could either maintain or increase dividends. By doing so, firms might aim to purse more stable dividend policies and signal their financial prospects during the crisis, as posited by dividend signaling theory. Logit regression findings reveal that firm profitability, earnings prospects, size and leverage appear to be important determinants of dividend policy decisions during the pandemic.

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