The results suggest that lifestyle interventions can be effective under a wide range of conditions not limited to the highly controlled conditions of efficacy studies. Parent involvement is associated with significantly better results.
Although primary prevention of cervical and other cancers is available for preadolescent and adolescent girls, rates of HPV vaccine uptake are low. Future interventions should target vaccine intent and physician/family communication as a means to increasing HPV vaccination.
Effective vaccination is now available to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV), the most common sexually transmitted infection and the cause of cervical cancer, which is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. HPV vaccine uptake is particularly important for females surviving cancer, some of whom are at high risk for HPV complications because of the direct and indirect effects of cancer treatment. Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, 1,2 and epidemiologic studies indicate that approximately 80% of sexually active women contract HPV during their lifetime.3-5 Among young women, the prevalence of HPV has been estimated to be as high as 40% among sexually active females ages 14 to 19 years and 49% among those ages 20 to 24 years. 6 The United States Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance of 2007, a national school-based survey of health-risk behaviors among high school students, reports 48% of all students and 46% of female students have engaged in sexual intercourse. 7 Women who begin having sex at younger ages and those with more sexual partners are at highest risk for HPV exposure. HPV infection rates are highest in younger women and rise sharply soon after the median age of first sexual activity, which is reported to be 16.9 years for females.
8Of the >100 identified types of HPV, approximately 40 affect the genital tract. 9 Oncogenic HPV strains have been etiologically linked to cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oral cancers. Cervical cancer (which is caused by HPV) is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and is the leading cause of
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