Background Teachers are more likely to develop voice disorders compared to non-teachers in other occupations. Teachers are often cited as a high-risk group for vocal dysfunction as they use their voices extensively over their profession for instructing and managing students, also due to other extra loading factors, such as background noise, long speaking distance, poor room acoustics, and lack of adequate equipment, like voice amplifiers. The primary school teachers are particularly at risk as they have little opportunity for voice rest during the working day. Gender is another factor affecting incidence of voice disorders. Female teachers seem to be more affected by voice disorders than male teachers. The aim of our study was to compare between genders (male–female teachers) in primary schools to show the effect of teaching and other risk factors on their voice for proper management. Results The study showed that there were statistically significant differences between male teachers and female teachers regarding history of voice change; female teachers had history of voice change more than male teachers. Female teachers suffered from emotional stress more than male teachers, and this affects their voice. In addition, study showed a significant association between the grade of dysphonia and VHI. Conclusion There is evidence that female teachers are complaining more of voice change and suffering from voice disorders than males. Besides, female teachers are showing a higher degree of emotional stress. This may necessitate a combined assessment of the voice and psychological profile of all teachers with voice change.

Background Chronic kidney failure is an irreversible medical condition that impairs the kidney’s ability to function. When CRF reaches a sophisticated stage, dangerous levels of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes can accumulate within the body. Dysphonia detected within the CRF patients was due to affection of the chronic kidney failure on the system and phonatory system. Patients with CRF treated by hemodialysis are exposed to continuous pulmonary insults of multifactorial origin: Fluid retention predisposes them to pulmonary edema which occurs more frequently within the presence of concomitant cardiovascular disease. Also, the spirit of the kidney failure patients can induce psychogenic dysphonia. The aim of this work is to see and analyzed voice problems in patients with chronic kidney failure to ascertain baseline data about the scale and distribution of the probable voice disorder in these patients for early detection and proper management. Results The results obtained from this study showed that there have been statistically significant differences between chronic kidney failure patients G1 and control G2 regarding first harmonic, jitter %, shimmer dB and noise harmonic ratio dB, presence of dysphonia, and also the total score of VHI. The results of the study revealed statistical correlation between the quantity of years of hemodialysis and total acoustic measures. Conclusion The results of our study revealed that subjects with chronic failure exhibit a clinical evidence of voice disorders and proving that there is interplay of different body systems and the larynx. The voice problems can vary between CRF patients depending on duration of hemodialysis and leading causes of chronic kidney failure.

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The aim of the study was to determine the size and distribution of language disorders among low birth weight (LBW) children to devise a plan for early detection, proper assessment, intervention, and prevention of these problems if possible. Patients and methodsEighty children were included in this study. The study group consisted of 50 children with a history of LBW, 31 boys and 19 girls, with a mean age of 4.3 ± 1.6 years. The control group consisted of 30 children with a history of normal birth weight, 13 boys and 17 girls, with a mean age of 5.1 ± 1.3 years. Children in the two groups were statistically matched in their age and sex distribution. All participant children were subjected to an interview, general examination, vocal tract examination, neurological examination, ENT examination, evaluation of various aptitudes by formal testing, psychiatric evaluation, audiological examination, and language evaluation using the Arabic Preschool Language Scale-4. ResultsThe results from this study revealed that LBW in addition to poor neonatal outcome and prematurity was an important risk factor for poor language abilities in children. ConclusionEarly consultation is recommended for LBW children with high risk factors in order to facilitate early detection and proper management of language disorders.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children is characterized by repeated airway obstructions during sleep. The peak incidence for pediatric OSA is during early childhood, in particular, the period between 2 and 8 years of age Aims/Objectives: The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on the scholastic achievement of children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) to put a plan for proper management of those children. Material and Methods: 50 children were selected from 150 children suspected with OSA who came to our unit complaining from symptoms of (OSA) and seeking for adenotonsillectomy. 50 children well diagnosed as OSA due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy confirmed by polysomnography. a full history was taken from parents, audiological evaluation and All 50 children underwent a battery of neurocognitive tests containing process-oriented