ObjectivesThis meta-analysis aimed to evaluate congenital malformations in infants conceived by assisted reproductive techniques (ART), compared with infants conceived spontaneously.MethodsIn this study, available resources searched to find relevant articles included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Cochrane, ProQuest, Iranmedex, Magiran, and Scientific Information Database. After extracting the necessary information from evaluated articles, meta-analysis on the articles’ data was performed using Stata version 11.2.ResultsIn this study, from a total of 339 articles, extracted from the initial investigation, ultimately 30 articles were selected for meta-analysis that assessed the use of ART on the risk of congenital abnormalities and some birth complications on 5 470 181 infants (315 402 cases and 5 154 779 controls). The odds ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for low birth weight was 1.89 (95% CI, 1.36 to 2.62), preterm labor 1.79 (95% CI, 1.21 to 2.63), cardiac abnormalities 1.43 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.62), central nervous system abnormalities 1.36 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.70), urogenital system abnormalities 1.58 (95% CI, 1.28 to 1.94), musculoskeletal disorders 1.35 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.64), and chromosomal abnormalities in infants conceived by ART was 1.14 (95% CI, 0.90 to 1.44), which were all statistically significant, except chromosomal abnormalities.ConclusionsThe risk of congenital abnormalities and some birth complications were significantly higher in ART than normal conception, while chromosomal abnormalities were not; therefore, the application of ART should be selected individually for patients by detailed assessment to reduce such risks in the population.
Context: Given the role of nutrition and food, as well as environmental pollutants in the probability of developing endometriosis, this study aimed to identify the risk factors and preventive factors in a systematic review and meta-analysis.Evidence Acquisition: In this study, available references were searched for the relevant articles published "between" 2000 -2015. Among a total of 357 articles extracted from primary studies, 5 articles were finally selected for meta-analysis, which were ultimately analyzed for the effect of dietary factors and risk of endometriosis on 73,102 cases (2,608 cases and 70,494 controls). Conclusions: Evidence shows a need to improve the understanding of the impact of dietary components on the risk of endometriosis to modify and prevent this disease. Futhermore, more studies are required and recommended to clarify the role of diet in the incidence and progression of endometriosis.
Objectives: This study investigates the therapeutic effect of vitamin C on the development of endometrial lesions and fecundity disorders in the ovarian induction model of mouse endometriosis. Methods: Ovarian endometriosis was surgically induced in 14 NMRI female mice (treatment group, N = 7) and (control group, N = 7). Three days after the second surgery (to assess endometriotic implant), the mice were randomized into two intervention groups: control (placebo) and treatment (50 mg/kg vitamin C every two days orally for four weeks) groups. In the oestrus phase, the mice were sacrificed. In macroscopic assessment, endometriotic implants were evaluated in size, volume, weight, growth score and adhesion score. The microscopic assessment examined the ovarian tissue (the number of antral follicles, corpus luteum and atretic follicles) and endometriotic lesion (histologic and trichrome fibrosis scores). Results: Post-treatment implant volume, growth score, adhesion extent score and adhesion severity score were significantly lower in the treatment group (vitamin C) in comparison with the control group (placebo) (p < 0.0001). The difference between the median weight of endometriotic implants, epithelialization of implant tissue, trichrome fibrosis scores and follicle number in the two groups (treatment and control) was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Atretic follicles were significantly decreased after vitamin C therapy (p < 0.05). Although the numbers of corpus luteum seemed to be more preserved in specimens from the control group, there was no statistical significance between the two groups’ histological scores. Conclusion: As a result, we may imply that vitamin C has a significant effect on reducing the induction and growth of endometrial implants, improving the fecundity function of ovaries, and consequently prevention of endometriosis-associated cancers. Further research is needed to improve targeted interventions resulting in the prevention and treatment of human endometriosis.
Objectives: Over the past twenty years, the role of inflammatory, immunologic, and stress oxidative factors in the pathogenesis of endometriosis has been emphasized in the literature. Endometrial induced lesions in the surgical endometriosis model of mice are similar to those observed in women. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of vitamin C treatment on the endometriosis mice model. More precisely, it aimed to induce an optimum model of endometriosis using both peritoneal and ovarian approaches and to compare the histological and fertility changes in the first-generation infants of endometriosis induced, sham, and control groups. Finally, the study assessed the influence of vitamin C administration treatment on the induced endometriosis mice model and its first-generation infants. Methods: This experimental study was done in three phases. In the first phase, 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups receiving induced endometriosis through peritoneal approach, induced endometriosis through an ovarian approach, as well as sham and control groups. The histological and fertility characteristics of the first generation of ovarian endometriosis, sham, and control groups were compared in the second phase. Then, the histological and fertility characteristics of those endometriosis induced models receiving vitamin C were compared with the controls, and the first generation of these groups was compared as well. Results: This experimental study began in April 2017 and will be finished in 2020. Conclusions: The results of this study improve our knowledge about the mechanisms involved in endometriosis progressions. The results further provide a comprehensive animal model for further research and assess the therapeutic role of antioxidants.
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