Background: Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for rectal cancer has emerged as an alternative to the traditional abdominal approach. However, concerns have been raised about local recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate local recurrence after TaTME. Secondary aims included postoperative mortality, anastomotic leak and stoma rates. Methods: Data on all patients who underwent TaTME were recorded and compared with those from national cohorts in the Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Registry (NCCR) and the Norwegian Registry for Gastrointestinal Surgery (NoRGast). Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to compare local recurrence. Results: In Norway, 157 patients underwent TaTME for rectal cancer between October 2014 and October 2018. Three of seven hospitals abandoned TaTME after a total of five procedures. The local recurrence rate was 12 of 157 (7⋅6 per cent); eight local recurrences were multifocal or extensive. The estimated local recurrence rate at 2⋅4 years was 11⋅6 (95 per cent c.i. 6⋅6 to 19⋅9) per cent after TaTME compared with 2⋅4 (1⋅4 to 4⋅3) per cent in the NCCR (P < 0⋅001). The adjusted hazard ratio was 6⋅71 (95 per cent c.i. 2⋅94 to 15⋅32). Anastomotic leaks resulting in reoperation occurred in 8⋅4 per cent of patients in the TaTME cohort compared with 4⋅5 per cent in NoRGast (P = 0⋅047). Fifty-six patients (35⋅7 per cent) had a stoma at latest follow-up; 39 (24⋅8 per cent) were permanent.Conclusion: Anastomotic leak rates after TaTME were higher than national rates; local recurrence rates and growth patterns were unfavourable.

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01047462.

Patients receiving a planned stoma can be included in an ERAS program. Pre-operative and postoperative stoma education in an enhanced recovery programme is associated with a significantly shorter hospital stay without any difference in re-admission rate or early stoma-related complications.

ERAS care was associated with a significantly shorter length of hospital stay. Without any difference in surgical or general complications, tolerance of enteral nutrition or postoperative C-reactive protein levels, peri-operative information and guidance for ensuring that patients comply with the ERAS approach appear to be important factors to reduce the length of hospital stay.