Leishmaniasis diseases are endemic in Morocco. An entomological survey was conducted in Aichoun locality for 1 year from September 2013 to August 2014. The objective of this study was to investigate the sand fly fauna, mainly the species composition and the monthly species prevalence in accordance with bioclimate factors. Sand flies were collected twice a month, using sticky traps and CDC light traps. During a one-year study, 4472 specimens of sand fly were caught (72.56% male/22.44% female) that were composed of seven species divided into two genera: Phlebotomus (99.46%) and Sergentomyia (0.53%). Ph. sergenti was the most prevalent species (46.64%), followed by Ph. perniciosus (38.19%), Ph. longicuspis (9.32%), Ph. papatasi (5.23%), and Ph. ariasi (0.06%). The genus Sergentomyia was even less frequent. The population dynamics showed a bimodal trend with two peaks: the first one in October (12.03% of specimens) and the second in June (27.92% of specimens). The study of the effects of climatic factors in the study area showed a link between the dynamics of sand flies and the variation of these parameters (temperature and relative humidity). During the period between November and March, the sand flies were absent. The highest prevalence of sand flies was recorded in June when the temperature and relative humidity values reached, respectively, 25.8°C and 42%. The minimum number of specimens was collected in September with an average temperature of 23.19°C and relative humidity of 57.4%. Statistical analysis with principal component analysis has shown a strong positive correlation between temperature parameters and the seasonal distribution of sand flies. The climatic factor of relative humidity has been judged of being negatively correlated. The wind speed does not have any impact on the relative abundance of all species. Within this context, the results will be useful for the development of a monitoring program to better manage the operations and evaluate their effectiveness.

Abstract. Domestic wastewater (toilet water and household water from kitchens) is evacuated in unit or separate networks to the purification station (STEP) in order to eliminate their waste; organic and mineral matter, dissolved and suspended before discharging them into the natural environment or reusing them in irrigation. The main purpose of this work is to operate the wastewater treatment plant in the Ben Slimane Airport area by using activated sludge, this process consists of destroying pollutants and microorganisms by bacteria formed in the clarifier. Moreover, the operation of the station was considered by controlling the sensors installed in each basin to promote their optimization, in addition, the physicochemical analysis was carried out in the STEP laboratory. The results found for the parameters studied showed the very effective reduction of the organic load of the wastewater treatment plant, so these values meet the discharge standards defined by Moroccan legislation.

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The Lake Sidi Boughaba is a Ramsar site (1980) located on the Atlantic coast of north-west Morocco. It is oriented NNE - SSW and located in a secondary interdunal depression formed in a complex of the main wetlands of Morocco. The waters of this lake are deteriorating in quality, with increasing salinization. To identify the processes and chemical reactions that govern salinization, the main major elements as well as the pH, electrical conductivity and salinity were monitored during the winter and summer seasons of the years, 2016-2017 in 6 sites distributed throughout the year. The interpretation of the analysis data is carried out using the correlation of the major elements with the chlorides, the Piper diagram and the variation of the ionic ratios Na/Cl, SO4/Cl, Mg/Ca and the calculation of the saturation index. The saturation index is calculated by the software PHREEQC 2.8, used for modelling the state of saturation of minerals. The results of these analyzes revealed a variety of origins and processes of salinization of the waters. The hydro chemical study shows that the waters are brackish too salty; they are characterized by sodium chloride facies. This remarkable transition is mainly due to the intense evaporation that accentuates the mineralization. The values of the saturation index of the chemical minerals show the under saturation the anhydrite of the gypsum and the halite, on the other hand, the saturation or even supersaturation by the calcite and dolomite. The characteristic ratios of the chemical composition of waters show that salinity has two main origins: ion exchange between rock-water and marine influence by aerosols and sea spray.

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